[323] The rulers of Jerusalem were procurators except Agrippa I., who was king. They were as follows: Coponius, from 10 A. D.; M. Ambivius, _c._ 12 A. D.; Annius Rufus, _c._ 13 A. D.; V. Gratus, 14 A. D.; P. Pilatus, 25 A. D.; Marcellus, 35 A. D.; Marullus, 37 A. D.; Agrippa I., 41 A. D.; Cuspius Fadus, 44 A. D.; Tib. Alexander, 47 A. D.; V. Cumanus, 49 A. D.; Felix, 52 A. D.; P. Festus, 60 A. D.; Albinus, 62 A. D.; Gessius Florus, 64 A. D. The final revolt began in 65 A. D. [324] “Ant.,” XVIII. iii. 1, 2, 3, iv. 1–3. [325] “Ord. Survey Notes,” pp. 80–3; “Mem. Survey West Pal.,” vol. iii. pp. 89–91; Bliss, “Excavat. at Jer.,” pp. 53–6, 332. [326] “Ant.,” VIII. vii. 3; Cant. iv. 12. [327] “Wars,” V. iv. 2, 3. See “Ant.,” XIX. vii. 2; and for the Women’s Towers, “Wars,” V. ii. 2, iii. 3; for Helena’s tomb, “Ant.,” XX. iv. 3; Pausanias, “Greciæ Descript.,” viii. 16; Jerome (“Epist. Paulæ”). [328] “Ant.,” XX. iv. 3. [329] “Ord. Survey Notes,” p. 66 and pl. xxv.; de Saulcy, “Voyage en Terre Sainte,” 1865, vol. i. De Saulcy misread the inscription as “Queen Sarah.” [330] The Rev. Selah Merrill follows Robinson as to the course of this wall, and as to most of the other disputed questions. [331] Robinson, “Bib. Res.,” 1838, i. p. 315; “Ord. Survey Notes,” 1864, p. 72, and pl. xxxi.; Schick in _Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_, 1895, p. 30. [332] “Wars,” V. vi. 2. [333] “Ant.,” XX. i. 1, v. 2, vii. 1, viii. 5, 9, 11, ix. 1, 2, xi. 2; “Wars,” II. xii. 1, xiii. 2, xiv. 1, 2, 6, xv. 1–6, xvi. 1–3, xvii. 1–10, xviii. 1, down to xix. 9. [334] Acts xii. 1–23. [335] Tacitus, “Hist.,” V. ix., “Annals,” xii., as quoted by Whiston. [336] “Ant.,” XX. ix. 7, viii. 11; “Wars,” V. i. 5. [337] “Ant.,” XX. ix. 1; Acts xxi. 18; 1 Cor. ix. 5; Gal. ii. 9. [338] Matt. xxiv. 4–42; Mark xiii. 5–37; Luke xix. 42–4, xxi. 5–36. [339] “Wars,” II. xiv. 2-xix. 9. [340] “Wars,” II. xviii. 10-xix. 9; Tacitus, “Hist.,” V. x. [341] “Wars,” V. i. 6; Tacitus, “Hist.,” V. i. [342] “Wars,” IV. iv. 1, v. 1, vi. 1, vii. 1, 2, ix. 3–12, V. i. 4. [343] No doubt at the Gate Korban (“of the offering”). [344] See journal of siege, “Mem. West Pal. Survey,” Jerusalem vol., p. 4. Canon Williams made the curious mistake of reckoning by solar months, for the details show that lunar months, of alternately 30 and 29 days, are intended by Josephus. [345] “Wars,” V. vi. 1, VI. vi. 4. [346] See back, p. 164. [347] The old camp at Tellilia above a valley west of Skopos is quite possibly one of those made in 70 A. D. See my description (“Mem. Survey West Pal.,” iii. p. 161). [348] “Wars,” V. ii. 3–5, iii. 2. [349] This passage (“Wars,” V. vi. 3) indicates the Aramaic original of the book. The Greek translator renders _eben_ “son,” instead of “stone.” [350] “Hist.,” V. xi. xii. [351] “Wars,” V. vii. 2-xi. 4. [352] _Ibid._, V. vi. 2, vii. 3, ix. 2, xi. 4. [353] _Ibid._, Preface, 1. [354] “Ant.,” XIII. viii. 2. [355] “Wars,” V. ix. 3, 4.