[374] Canon Dalton, in _Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_, April 1896, p. 133; Bliss, “Excav. at Jer.,” pp. 249–53. [375] Tacitus, “Hist.,” iv. 83; see Gibbon, ch. xxviii. [376] Akkadian _sar_, “king,” and _ap_, “sea”; Turkish _ab_. _Api_ is also “water” in ancient Persian--Sanskrit _ap_, modern Persian _ab_. [377] “Epist. ad Dardanum.” [378] Dion Cassius, lxix. 12; see Robinson, “Bib. Res.,” i. p. 367. [379] “L’Église Chrétienne,” 1879, p. 541; Euseb., “Hist. Eccl.,” iv. 6; Tertullian, “Contra Jud.,” 13; Chrysostom, “In Judæos Hom.,” v. 11. [380] “Survey West Pal.,” iii. pp. 20, 21, 128; _Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_, 1900, p. 168. Eusebius, “Hist. Eccl.,” iv. 2, places Bêther near Jerusalem. [381] On Ezek. v. 1. This passage was perhaps misunderstood by later writers. [382] See Derenbourg, “Pal.,” p. 117; Renan, “Église Chrétienne,” 1879, p. 205; Robinson, “Bib. Res.,” i. p. 368; Eusebius, “Hist. Eccl.,” iv 6; Mishnah, _Ḥalah_, iv. 10, _Taanith_, iv. 7, _Sotah_, viii. 14; Jerome on Zech. viii. 191, “In Ruf.” ii. 8, Tal. Jer., _Taanith_, iv. [383] Renan, “Église Chrétienne,” 1879, p. 193, quotes “Corpus Inscript. Lat.,” iii. 2, to show that Tineius Rufus was not Legate of Judæa after the war, and gives the various spellings. See Dion Cassius, lxix. 13. [384] Justin Martyr, “Apol.,” i. 47; Eusebius, “Demonstr. Evang.,” vi. 18; “Hist. Eccl.,” iv. 6; Jerome on Zeph. i., Jer. xviii., xx., xxx.; Sulpic. Severus, “Hist. Sac.,” ii. 45; Renan, “Église Chrétienne,” 1879, p. 222; Eutychius “Annales,” i. 416. [385] Midrash, _Eka_, ii. 2; Tal. Jer., _Taanith_, iv. 7. [386] Munter (“Jüdischen Krieg,” p. 57) quoted by Munk (“Pal.,” 1863, p. 605). Munk and Renan regard this theory as unsound. It was advocated by de Saulcy (“Numismatique Judaique,” 1854, pp. 157–70) and by Madden (“Jewish Coinage,” 1864, pp. 154–210). [387] “De Rebus Syriac.,” 50. He wrote in Rome--though an Alexandrian--in 130–47 A. D. [388] The Aramaic texts are given by Madden, pp. 329–33. [389] Tosiphta, _Ma’aser Sheni_, i. 5. [390] Tal. Jer., _Ma’aser Sheni_, i. 2. [391] Tal. Bab., _Baba Kama_, 97 _b_. [392] Ibid., _Bekoroth_, 50 _a_, _Aboda Zara_, 52 _b_. [393] “Hist. Eccl.,” iv. 6; “Demonstr. Evang.,” vi. 18; Jerome on Joel i. 4, on Dan. ix. 27, and on Ezek. xxiv. 14. [394] “Die Mosaikkarte von Madeba,” 1906, by Prof. Dr. Guthe, and the architect P. Palmer. Count G. T. Rivoira, “Architettura Lombarda,” 1908, p. 328, suggests the time of Justinian for this map. [395] Bordeaux Pilgrim, 333 A. D. “Item exeunti Hierusalem ut ascendas Sion in parte sinistra et deorsum in valle, juxta murum, est piscina quæ dicitur Siloa”; “intus autem, intra murum Sion, paret locus ubi palatium habuit David.” [396] Bordeaux Pilgrim. “Inde ut eas foris murum de Sion euntibus ad portam Napolitanam ad partem dextram deorsum in valle sunt parites [_sic_] ubi domus fuit, sive Prætorium Ponti Pilati.” Napolis (_Nea-polis_) was the later Greco-Roman name for Shechem, north of Jerusalem.