The “high-level” aqueduct, from a well (now dry) in Wâdy el Bîâr, south of Solomon’s Pool, appears to be of this period. Its course near the pool is lost, but it was carried over the hill near Bethlehem on stone pipes. It disappears a little farther north, but probably fed the Birket Mâmilla. Inscriptions in Latin along its course refer to the Centuria of Valerius Æmilianus and the Centuria Natalis, and show that it was made, or repaired, at some period later than 70 A. D.[408] [Sidenote: THE CHRISTIANS] The age of Hadrian was followed by that of the Antonines (138–80 A. D.), when the Jews lived content and prospered as traders. The Sanhedrin, leaving Jamnia after 135 A. D., finally settled at Tiberias, and synagogues in Roman style--but with Hebrew texts--were built in Galilee. Under Severus (193–211) the Jews were granted civil immunities, and they did not again revolt till 339 A. D. According to Eusebius, a new line of Christian bishops began to rule the church at Jerusalem in Hadrian’s time, though more probably they would not have returned to the city till somewhat later. Under Marcus Aurelius the Christians had become numerous in the Roman world, and in the third century--after the persecution by Decius--their bishops began to be recognised by the State, while a congregation under one in Jerusalem certainly existed in Cyprian’s time. He also mentions a female pilgrim to the Holy City, and speaks of Bishop Alexander, who--according to Eusebius--succeeded Narcissus,[409] having previously ruled a church in Cappadocia. But during this age of prosperity we hear nothing else about the restored city, nor have we any account of sacred Christian sites. For three generations the Christians were absent from the ruined town, and when they did return it was entirely altered. There is a break of at least seventy years in their connection with Jerusalem, and it is not probable that the new generation knew anything of the old city or of the Gospel sites. FOOTNOTES TO CHAPTER IX [368] Jer. xxvi. 18; Tal. Bab., _Makkoth_, 24 _b_. [369] The list of bishops from Eusebius (“Hist. Eccl.,” iv. 5) is given by Canon Williams (“Holy City,” 1849, i. p. 487). [370] “Excav. at Jer.,” p. 265. Another text by Sabinus, an officer of the 10th (Fretensis) legion, was supposed by M. Clermont-Ganneau (_Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_, 1871, p. 103) to be as late as the time of Caracalla, which now seems doubtful, as the 3rd legion had replaced the 10th in 117 A. D. [371] See Tal. Bab., _Ketuboth_, 111 _a_; Joel iii. 2, 12. [372] See back, pp. 128, 164. Clermont-Ganneau, in _Revue Archéologique_, May-June, 1883; “Mem. West Pal. Survey,” Jerusalem vol., p. 404; _Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_, Jan. 1900, p. 75, report by Mr. C. A. Hornstein; Oct. 1908, p. 342, report by Mr. R. A. Stewart Macalister. [373] Clermont-Ganneau, in _Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly_, 1871, p. 102; de Vogüé, “Temple de Jérusalem,” pl. xxxviii. fig. 2.