[Illustration: _Private residences like the Wallach House at Culpeper, Virginia, provided generals on both sides with comfortable quarters in the field. Staff officers were usually tented on the lawns._] [Illustration: _Log cabins often replaced tents during the winter months when campaigning slackened and the armies settled down. In some camps it was not uncommon to find visiting army wives._] [Illustration: _Soldiers turned to a variety of activities to break the long days and weeks of monotonous camplife. Even officers were not immune to the horseplay._] [Illustration: _When two or more Yanks or Rebs gathered together, a deck of cards often made its appearance. Fearful of an angry God, soldiers usually discarded such instruments of sin before entering battle._] [Illustration: _Chess, a favorite pastime in camp, finds Colonel Martin McMahon, General Sedgwick's adjutant, engaged in the contest that was a favorite of Napoleon and many other military leaders._] [Illustration: _A much disliked chore even in fair weather--a lone Union soldier walks his post in the bitter cold at Nashville._] [Illustration: _A forerunner of Father Francis Patrick Duffy, heroic Chaplain of the famous 69th New York Regiment in World War I, says Mass for the Shamrock Regiment of the 1860's. Most Civil War regiments had a chaplain._] [Illustration: _A contribution to camp religious life, the 50th New York Engineers constructed this church for their comrades at Petersburg._] [Illustration: _Newspaper correspondents like these from the_ New York Herald _kept the public well informed, though they often revealed valuable military information to the Confederacy. The New York paper usually reached the Confederate War Department on the day following publication._] [Illustration: _With the technique of photo-engraving yet to be developed, war scenes for newspapers and magazines had to be drawn and reproduced from woodcuts. Artists such as A. R. Waud, shown here at Gettysburg, vividly depicted the events for_ Harper's Weekly.] [Illustration: _The Civil War as it appeared back home. It was almost 40 years before the public saw the thousands of photographs taken by Mathew Brady and his contemporaries._] [Illustration: _In a desperate attempt to raise the Federal blockade of Southern ports, the Confederate Navy built the first ironclad. More than a dozen of these rams, all similar to the_ Albemarle _(pictured above), were constructed._] [Illustration: _At first, ironclads were scoffed at by Federal naval authorities, but the monitors, styled "iron coffins", proved their worth in battle with the river navies. By 1865 fifty-eight of the turreted vessels had been built, some of which became seagoing._] [Illustration: _With untiring vigilance, steam-powered gunboats like the_ Mendota _plied the Southern coastline to enforce the blockade against Confederate trade with England and France._]