Inevitable subjectivity 490 Worldliness 492 Tolerance of Mohammedanism 492 Equivalence of all religions 494 Influence of antiquity 495 The so-called Epicureans 496 The doctrine of free will 497 The pious Humanists 499 The less pronounced Humanists 499 Codrus Urceus 500 The beginnings of religious criticism 501 Fatalism of the Humanists 503 Their pagan exterior 504 CHAPTER IV. MIXTURE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN SUPERSTITIONS. Astrology 507 Its extension and influence 508 Its opponents in Italy 515 Pico’s opposition and influence 516 Various superstitions 518 Superstition of the Humanists 519 Ghosts of the departed 522 Belief in dæmons 523 The Italian witch 524 Witches’ nest at Norcia 526 Influence and limits of Northern witchcraft 528 Witchcraft of the prostitutes 529 The magicians and enchanters 530 The dæmons on the way to Rome 531 Special forms of magic: the Telesmata 533 Magic at the laying of foundation-stones 534 The necromancer in poetry 535 Benvenuto Cellini’s tale 536 Decline of magic 537 Special branches of the superstition 538 CHAPTER V. GENERAL DISINTEGRATION OF BELIEF. Last confession of Boscoli 543 Religious disorder and general scepticism 543 Controversy as to immortality 545 The pagan heaven 545 The Homeric life to come 546 Evaporation of Christian doctrine 547