*97.* _Controversy, Tribunal, Decision._—When the clergyman and his parishioners submit a controversy to an ecclesiastical tribunal, the decision, if not impeached for good cause, is justification in the party conforming to it.(180) And a minister who submits to a church tribunal and is ousted after fair hearing and trial, can not obtain a writ of mandamus from the civil court to compel his reinstatement.(181) Also, after a minister has been dismissed in due manner by the tribunal of his denomination, the civil court will enjoin him from usurping his office.(182) *98.* _Priest, Dwelling, Servant._—A Catholic priest in charge of a congregation at the will of the bishop and occupying a dwelling-house belonging to the church, is a servant and not a tenant, and his right to occupancy ceases with his services.(183) The law is different with regard to a Methodist minister who is in charge of his parish by an annual conference and can not be ejected by the congregation or bishop until the next conference, as he has possession of the church property without superior authority.(184) *99.* _Injunction, Bishop, Priest, Trial._—On application for an injunction to restrain the bishop from passing a sentence against a priest, the only ground on which a court can exercise jurisdiction is that the threatened action of the bishop will affect the civil rights of the priest.(185) A bishop can not remove a priest without an accusation, hearing, or trial, and forbid him to exercise any priestly function where such removal would cut off the priest’s income and destroy his means of living in his vocation.(186) However, in the same case it was held that a complaint stating that the bishop failed and neglected to assign the plaintiff to the exercise of his office of priest in said diocese to the plaintiff’s damage, etc., failed to show that any right of property or civil right was involved and the priest was non-suited, while in the former case an injunction was issued against the bishop.(187) *100.* _Confession, Privacy, Authority._—A Catholic priest, although about to administer an office of his religion to a sick person at the latter’s request, has no legal authority, by virtue of his priestly character, to forcibly remove from the room a person lawfully there.(188) *101.* _Debts, Permission, Presumed._—Notwithstanding a rule or ecclesiastical law of the church that a pastor shall not contract debts in the name or for the sake of the church without the written permission of the bishop, such written permission is not evidence that debts contracted under it are the legal debts of the bishop. The authority which bishops delegate to priests is under the ecclesiastical law and prima facie ecclesiastical authority, and must be presumed to be so in the absence of all evidence to the contrary.(189)