*146.* _Notice, Quorum, Majority, Strangers._—It is not necessary that a majority of the members of a religious society be present to constitute a corporate meeting. Those present at a regularly called meeting of which due notice has been given to all the members, constitute a quorum; and, in the absence of a rule to the contrary, a majority of the votes cast carries any question.(260) The presence of strangers, unless they vote, will not vitiate the proceedings. If they should vote, unless their votes determine the election, it will not be void.(261) The casting of a few illegal votes that would not change the result of the election does not make it void.(262) *147.* _Challenge, Ground._—The right of a person to vote at any meeting may be challenged. The proper time to challenge a voter is when he offers his vote. After his vote has been received it can not be thrown out on the ground that he was disqualified.(263) A church election for which due notice has been given, that has been fairly conducted, and all the requirements of the statute or rules of the church complied with, is conclusive.(264) Without due notice, all proceedings are void.(265) *148.* _By-Laws, Usage._—If there is no law of a religious society determining the mode of conducting an election, the corporation may provide by-laws therefor; and if the corporation should fail to make such by-laws, a long established usage will govern.(266) Also, if the time an election is to be held is provided for, but the manner of conducting it is not, the meeting may be conducted according to established usage.(267) *149.* _Ballot, Hand Vote._—The vote of a religious society at an annual meeting for the election of officers that the officers shall always be chosen by ballot, does not vitiate an election of officers by hand vote at a subsequent annual meeting. But a provision in the constitution or by-laws requiring a ballot must be complied with.(268) *150.* _Hold Over, Successors._—When the election of the new trustees is invalid, the old trustees hold over until there will have been a valid election of their successors.(269) But where a board that was illegally elected employed a minister who had no notice of such illegality, he was entitled to his compensation according to the contract.(270) *151.* _Majority, Votes Cast._—Where the majority of a congregation protested against the proposed candidate, but failed to vote for any one, such candidate who received the greatest number of votes cast, was lawfully elected.(271)