Alcohol, chloroform and ether, 3 times. Alcohol, chloroform and ethyl, 5 times. The author referred to a number of experiments he had made on frogs, in which vivisection was made, and the heart exposed and chloroform applied direct, from which they died in from ten to twenty minutes, and when bromide of ethyl was used in fifteen to thirty minutes, but when ether was used, and even much freer than either of the others, they did not die at all. In repeated experiments, he said, he had found the use of electricity unreliable in resuscitating the heart under these circumstances. After referring to the mortality reports which showed 405 deaths from chloroform against seventeen from ether, he said: “I feel that every time I use chloroform as an anæsthetic I am trifling with a dangerous compound, and that it will only require time and perseverance in its use until I will share the fate of many others, whose misfortunes ought to be a timely warning to us against its dangerous effects; and if not heeded an accident will be all the more inexcusable.” He condemned the use of so-called “vitalized air” as being an uncertain and unstable compound: being one of the nitro-oxygen series mixed with chloroform, its effects were uncertain and often very injurious, which, he said, “should be reason enough to deter any conscientious physician from using it or even recommending it.” For administering anæsthetics the author recommended a clean folded towel as being more preferable than anything else, as it was just as efficient and decidedly better from a sanitary standpoint. He recommended watching the pulse closely while administering chloroform, and the respirations when ether was administered, lest in the former the cardiac ganglia become affected and suddenly arrest the heart's action, or in the latter the nerve cells of the medulla from its toxic effects abruptly interfere with the breathing. In closing the author said: “From the brief review of the anæsthetics most familiar to the profession from a practical standpoint we have arrived at the following conclusions:” _First_—Of all general anæsthetics known pure sulphuric ether stands at the head for safety, efficiency and every day practical use. _Second_—Hydrochlorate of cocaine stands at the head of all known local anæsthetics. _Third_—Ethidene promises to rival ether and merits a more general and extended trial. _Fourth_—No surgeon should give any anæsthetics without being prepared to resuscitate the patient on the shortest possible notice if necessary, among which preparations nitrite of amyl stands preëminent. _Fifth_—No person should be entrusted with the administration of any anæsthetic who is not thoroughly familiar with its physiological action and practical administration.