Several editions in Latin and other languages have appeared from time to time. An English translation of 'The Genuine Works of Hippocrates,' was published by the Sydenham society in 1848, in 2 vols., by Dr. Adams. The advance which Hippocrates made in the practice of medicine was so great that no attempts were made for some centuries to improve upon his views and precepts. His sons, Thessalus and Draco, and his son-in-law, Polybius, are regarded as the founders of the medical sect which was called the Hippocratean or Dogmatic school, because it professed to set out with certain theoretical principles, which were derived from the generalization of facts and observations, and to make these principles the basis of practice. The next epoch in the history of medicine is the establishment of the school at Alexandria, which was effected by the munificence of the Ptolemies, about B. C. 300. Indeed the whole race of Ptolemies (from Ptolemy I. to Ptolemy VII. B. C. 323 to 117) seem to have been patrons of learning and learned men. (Less so Ptolemy VIII. to XIII., B. C. 117 to 43. Ptolemy II., Philadelphius, was born in Cos about 150 years after Hippocrates.) It was by the patronage of these kings of Egypt that learning flourished in Alexandria during their reign. In some of them this seems to have been the only redeeming feature of their character. Otherwise vicious, cruel, bloodthirsty in an extreme degree, they uniformly encouraged learning and learned men. (It seems to have been a hereditary trait.) Amongst the most famous of the medical professors of the School of Alexandria are Erasistratus and Herophilus. The former of these was a pupil of Chrysippus, and probably imbibed from his master his prejudice against bleeding and against the use of active remedies, preferring to trust mainly to diet and to the _vis medicatrix naturae_. Herophilus, born in Chalcedon, in Bythinia, flourished in the latter part of the fourth and the beginning of the third century B. C., and settled in Alexandria, especially was distinguished by his devotion to the study of anatomy. He is said to have pursued this to such an extent as to have dissected criminals alive. Several names which he gave to different parts of the body are still in use, as the torcular Herophili, calamus scriptorius, and duodenum. He located the seat of the soul in the ventricles of the brain. Only a few fragments remain of what he wrote.