The Close of the Middle Ages, 1272-1494, 3rd Ed.Lodge, Richard, Sir
History
The Close of the Middle Ages, 1272-1494, 3rd Ed.
Lodge, Richard, Sir
Middle Ages
But the triumph of the nobles was incomplete. Though they had been
victorious in the field, they were as unable as before to carry on siege
operations. Their defensive strength enabled the towns to negotiate the
peace of Eger (1389) [Sidenote: Peace of Eger, 1389.] on fairly equal
terms. By this treaty all leagues and unions were to be abrogated on
both sides. All future disputes between the towns and the nobles were to
be settled by arbitration. For this purpose four commissioners were
appointed in Swabia, Franconia, Bavaria, and the Rhenish provinces. Each
commission was to consist of four nobles, four citizens, and a president
to be appointed by the Emperor. It is obvious that the towns, though
defeated, had not been wholly unsuccessful, and had secured a position
of equality with their opponents. But the real importance of the war is
the discredit which it cast upon the monarchy. Wenzel had been unable
either to prevent the war or to influence its course. And the
organisation created for the maintenance of the peace was a local and
representative organisation, in which the central authority had little
more than a nominal share.
While Germany was convulsed with the town war, the House of Luxemburg
had made an important territorial acquisition in the east. Lewis the
Great, king of Hungary and Poland, the head of the original House of
Anjou in Naples, had died in 1380. He left a widow, Elizabeth, and two
daughters, Maria and Hedwig. In spite [Sidenote: Succession in Hungary
and Poland.] of the natural prejudices against female rule, he had
induced his subjects to recognise his daughters’ claim to the
succession. If they were passed over, the nearest male heir was Charles
of Durazzo,[10] who was engaged in a struggle for the crown of Naples
with Louis of Anjou, brother of Charles V. of France. Maria, the elder
of the two daughters, was betrothed to Sigismund, the second son of
Charles IV. She was accepted by the Hungarians, and Sigismund was eager
that his future wife should also gain the crown of Poland. But the
Poles, influenced by the growing Slav sentiment, were unwilling to
continue the connection with Hungary or to accept a German ruler. They
insisted upon electing the younger sister Hedwig, and upon choosing a
husband for her. Hedwig was sent to Poland in 1385, and in the next year
was married to Jagello, prince of Lithuania, who was baptized as a
Christian under the name of Ladislas. The union of Poland and Lithuania
under the Jagellon house founded a powerful Slav state to the north-east
of Germany, and led to the downfall of the Teutonic Knights, who could
no longer claim to conduct a crusade when their foes had accepted
Christianity (see p. 459).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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