“ Death of John VI. Succeeded by Constantine 509 Palæologus “ Death of Christopher vacates the three 446 Scandinavian crowns “ Swedes elect Karl Knudson 446 “ Christian I. (of Oldenburg) becomes King of 446 Denmark 1449. Dissolution of the Council of Basel 241 “ Renewal of war in France. Invasion of Normandy 357 by the French 1450. Grand jubilee in Rome 242, 273 “ Francesco Sforza makes himself master of Milan 253 “ Disorder in England. Rising of Jack Cade 357 “ Loss of Normandy by the English 357 “ Christian I. of Denmark obtains crown of 446 Norway 1451. French conquest of Guienne 357 “ Death of Amurath II. Succeeded by Mohammed II. 508 1452. Frederick III. crowned Emperor in Rome 411 “ Ladislas Postumus released from tutelage by 411 Frederick III. 1453. Capture of Constantinople by Mohammed II. 509 (May 29) “ Battle of Castillon (July 17). The English 358 retain only Calais “ Civil war in Prussia leads to Polish invasion 464 1454. Peace of Lodi between Venice and Milan 253 “ Venice concludes a treaty with the Turks 254 “ Death of John II. of Castile. Succeeded by 476 Henry IV. (‘The Impotent’) 1455. Death of Nicolas V. Election of Calixtus 274 III. “ Beginning of the Wars of the Roses in England 238 1456. Mohammed II. repulsed from Belgrade 411 “ Death of Hungarian leader, John Hunyadi 411 “ The dauphin Louis, driven from Dauphiné by his 359 father, takes refuge in the Burgundian dominions 1457. Compulsory abdication of Francesco Foscari 254 in Venice “ Death of Ladislas Postumus. Austria passes to 414 the Styrian branch of the Hapsburgs 1457. Karl Knudson driven from Sweden. Coronation 447 of Christian I. reunites the three Scandinavian kingdoms 1458. Death of Alfonso V. Aragon, Sicily, and 275, Sardinia pass to his brother, John II.; Naples to 484 his natural son, Ferrante “ Election of Mathias Corvinus in Hungary 414 “ Election of George Podiebrad in Bohemia 414 “ Death of Calixtus III. Election of Pius II. 276 “ Servia conquered by the Turks 511 1459. Futile congress at Mantua to arrange a 276 crusade against the Turks