He also continued to issue the Archer, Horseman and Lion-slayer (Pl. V,
9) types of his predecessors. Kumāragupta’s Tiger-slayer coins closely
resemble their prototype struck by Samudragupta, except that on the
reverse the goddess Lakshmī is depicted feeding a peacock. Four new
designs appear on the gold of this reign. The Swordsman coins present
still another modification of the Standard type, their distinguishing
mark being that the king’s left hand rests on his sword-hilt instead
of grasping a standard; on the reverse is the usual goddess seated
on a lotus. Kumāragupta held the god Kārttikeya, one of whose names
was Kumāra, in special veneration. The Peacock type (Pl. V, 10) bears
evidence to this, for on the reverse the god himself appears riding on
his peacock, Paravāṇi, and on the obverse the king is shown standing
and feeding a peacock from a bunch of grapes. The rare Elephant-rider
type shows the king on the obverse riding on an elephant trampling on a
tiger; and the obverse of the still rarer Pratāpa type, so-called from
the legend on the reverse, is evidently an adaption from some foreign,
probably Roman, model.
Skandagupta, the last of the great Gupta kings, who succeeded his
father in A.D. 455, was occupied during the earlier part of his reign
in defending his empire against the inroads of the Huns, over whom
he appears to have gained a decisive victory. This probably accounts
for the comparative scarcity of his gold, of which only two types are
known. He continued the favourite device of the Archer with the “seated
goddess” reverse, and introduced a new type, on the obverse of which
the king appears standing on the left, facing the goddess Lakshmī on
the right, with the Garuḍa standard between them. But in this reign the
gold coinage underwent an important change of a different character.
Hitherto all the Gupta gold pieces had been _dināras_ and followed
the weight standard adopted by the Kushāṇa kings from the Romans. All
Skandagupta’s coins are, on an average, heavier than those of his
predecessors; and certain of his Archer coins evidently represent
a new standard of about 142 grains, based, perhaps, on the ancient
Hindu _suvarṇa_; but along with the increase in weight there is a
corresponding depreciation in the purity of the gold.
The successors of Skandagupta—Puragupta, Narasiṅhagupta, Kumāragupta
II, Chandragupta III and Vishṇugupta, whose relationship and dates are
somewhat doubtful, struck gold coins only of the Archer type, showing
a gradual deterioration in design and execution. On a few coins of the
same type are found portions of names, such as _Ghaṭo_ and _Jaya_, even
more difficult to identify. A certain Prakāśāditya, perhaps identical
with Puragupta, struck coins on which the king appears on horseback
slaying a lion, a combination of the Horseman and Lion-slayer types
(Pl. V, 11).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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