In conclusion, I am under special obligation to Mr. John Allan, of the Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum, for continual assistance, for kindly reading through my manuscript and offering numerous useful suggestions, and particularly for his help in getting casts prepared for the plates, all of which have been taken from coins in the British Museum; to Mr. H. Nelson Wright, I.C.S., who also kindly read through the manuscript, gave me invaluable assistance in the transliteration of the coin legends, and freely placed at my disposal his exact and extensive knowledge of the Muhammadan coins of India. To Mr. J. H. Waller, Secretary of the Association Press, I am also considerably indebted for the infinite trouble he has taken in supervising the preparation of the blocks for both figures and plates which illustrate this little volume. C. J. BROWN. _Ranikhet, May, 1921._ NOTE.—_The Cambridge History of India_, Volume I, Ancient India, appeared while this book was in the press. Fortunately, it has been possible to incorporate the conclusions arrived at in that work, which have been accepted for the period which it covers. The view of the Indo-Greek and later coinages taken by Professor Rapson in Chapters XXII and XXIII has also been generally accepted as a working hypothesis. ABBREVIATIONS Anno Domini A.D. Copper Æ. Hijrī Year A.H. Silver AR. Gold AV. Billon Bil. _British Museum Catalogue_ _B.M.C._ Grains Grs. _Indian Antiquary_ _I.A._ _Indian Museum Catalogue_ _I.M.C._ _Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal_ _J.A.S.B._ _Journal of Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society_ _J.B.B.R.A.S._ _Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society_ _J.R.A.S._ _Numismatic Chronicle_ _Num. Chron._ _Numismatic Supplement to the J.A.S.B._ _Num. Supp._ Obverse Obv. _Catalogue of Coins in the Panjāb Museum, Lahore_ _P.M.C._ Regnal Year R. Reverse Rev. Samvat Year S. Weight Wt. [Illustration: Fig. 1. _Phagunimitrasa_ in Early Brāhmī Script. Cf. Pl. I, 4.] I