The collected works of William Hazlitt, Vol. 11 (of 12)Hazlitt, William
Philosophy
The collected works of William Hazlitt, Vol. 11 (of 12)
Hazlitt, William
English essays -- 19th century
question is also utterly fallacious, and out of the order of our ideas.
The height of the individual is thus resolved with the ideas of the
lines terminating or defining it, and the intermediate space of which it
properly consists is entirely forgotten. For let us take any given
height of a man, whether tall, short, or middle-sized, and let that
height be as visible as you please, I would ask whether the actual
height to which it amounts, does not consist of a number of other
lengths: as if it be a tall man, the length will be six feet, and each
of these feet will consist of so many inches, and those inches will be
again made up of decimals, and those decimals of other subordinate
parts, which must be all distinctly placed, and added together before
the sum total, which they compose, can be pretended to be a distinct
particular, or individual idea; I can only understand by a particular
thing either one precise individual, or a precise number of individuals.
Instead of its being true that all general ideas of extension are
deducible to particular positive extension, the reverse proposition is I
think demonstrable: that all particular extensions, the most positive
and distinct, are never any thing else than a more or less vague notion
of extension in general. In any given visible object we have always the
general idea of something extended, and never of the precise length; for
the precise length as it is thought to be is necessarily composed of a
number of lengths too many, and too minute to be necessarily attended
to, or jointly conceived by the mind, and at last loses itself in the
infinite divisibility of matter. What sort of distinctness or individual
can therefore be found in any visible image, or object of sense, I
cannot well conceive: it seems to me like seeking for certainty in the
dancing of insects in the evening sun, or for fixedness or rest in the
motions of the sea. All particulars are thought nothing but generals,
more or less defined by circumstances, but never perfectly so; in this
all our knowledge both begins and ends, and if we think to exclude all
generality from our ideas of things, we must be content to remain in
utter ignorance. The proof that our ideas of particular things are not
themselves particular, is the uncertainty and difficulty we have only in
comparing them with one another. In looking at a line an inch long, I
have a certain general impression of it, so that I can tell it is
shorter than another, three or four times as long, drawn on the same
sheet of paper, but I cannot immediately tell that it is shorter than
one only a tenth or twentieth of an inch longer. The idea which I have
of it is therefore not an exact one. In looking at a window I cannot
precisely tell the number of panes of glass it contains, yet I can
easily say whether they are few or many, whether the window is large or
small. Now if all our ideas were made up of particulars, we never could
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