BAYREUTH. The manufacture of a brown stoneware with Renaissance medallions, arabesques, &c., in relief flourished here in the 16th century. At a later period, fine fayence was produced, painted in blue _camaïeu_. The designs are delicately traced with a brush on a fine paste; the forms are canettes, jardinières, &c. At the end of the 18th century a _fabrique_ of fayence was carried on by a Herr Schmidt, who assiduously copied the English ware; there are specimens in the Sèvres Museum bearing the counterfeit mark of "Wedgwood." [Illustration: FIG. 88.--COFFEE-POT.] Fig. 88. Coffee-pot and cover, chocolate coloured ground, decorated with gilt scrolls; F, the cypher of Frederick the Great, under a crown in front; about the middle of the 18th century; height 9 in. COLOGNE (_Köln_). The stoneware made here in the 16th century is better known throughout Europe than any other description of pottery; its durability for domestic uses and the elegant character of its ornamentation in relief, caused it to be sought for everywhere. The _grès de Cologne_ has been confounded with the _grès de Flandres_, which latter name is given erroneously and indiscriminately to all stoneware of German manufacture, notwithstanding the German inscriptions the pieces bear and the arms of German cities and families. The best and most highly finished decorative _grès_ or stoneware cruches were undoubtedly made in Germany, if not at Cologne. The clay for making the Cologne ware came from Langerwehe between Düren and Aix-la-Chapelle. The manufactory was not actually in Cologne, but in the vicinity, possibly at FRECHEN, and at LAUENSTEIN, where a factory was established in the 18th century. There were also factories at SIEGBURG and LIMBURG. All the ware was made in moulds, and it must be borne in mind that the vessels were not always made at the date indicated upon them, for the moulds were used successively through a series of years, and it is no uncommon occurrence to find two different dates upon the same piece. Some of the finest specimens known bear the name of Baldem Mennicken, a potter dwelling at RAEREN in the ancient Duchy of Limburg, which town until the treaty of 1814 was part of Holland, and it is probable that the stoneware produced here indicates the origin of _grès de Flandres_. [Illustration: FIG. 89.--LIMBURG CRUCHE. _Grey and blue._ Height 8-3/4 in.] [Illustration: FIG. 90.--RAEREN CRUCHE. _Grey and blue._ Height 7-1/4 in.] [Illustration: FIG. 91.--SIEGBURG CANETTE. _Cream colour. Dated 1574._ Height 17-1/4 in.] GRENZHAUSEN, in Nassau. There was a factory here about 1780, where _grès_ or stoneware was made; it is of a fine quality and easily mistaken for the more ancient _grès_. The forms are usually plates, dishes, and jugs, in which the decoration consists of a fine blue enamel on grey ground, with incuse ornaments executed by hand. [Illustration: FIG. 92.--JUG.]