OVERTOOM. A manufactory of fine fayence was established in 1754, in the parish of Amstelveen, near Amsterdam; it lasted ten years. The Barons Van Haeren and Van Palland were the proprietors, and Ariel Blankers was the director. The fayence, though heavy, was of a fine white enamel and of good forms; besides table and tea services, groups of birds, modelled from nature, statuettes, &c., were made. LUXEMBURG An important _fabrique_ was established at Luxemburg by the brothers Boch, in 1767, who had removed from Audun le Riche in France. They made various descriptions of earthenware, as well as fine fayence, and largely imitated the English Queen's ware. RUSSIA AND SWEDEN RUSSIA ST. PETERSBURG. About the year 1700, Peter the Great, during his stay at Saardam, induced some potters of Delft to emigrate to St. Petersburg, where he established a manufactory. We have no information on the subject, except a notice of it in the "_Connaissances Politiques_," of Beausobre, published at Riga in 1773: "There is also among the porcelain manufactories at St. Petersburg a _fabrique_ of fayence, on the other side of the Neva, where they make every description of vessels of correct design and in good taste. A private gentleman of Revel has also established at his own cost, near this city, a _fabrique_ of fayence, and has obtained painters and potters from Germany." SWEDEN RÖRSTRAND, a suburb of Stockholm, where a factory for earthenware was established in 1726. The works were at first under the direction of Jean Wolf. He was succeeded by C. C. Hünger. In 1772 they were managed by Nordenstople, and later by Geyer. [Illustration: FIG. 104.--BUTTERBOAT.] [Illustration: MARIEBERG FIG. 105.--VASE AND COVER.] Fig. 104, a butterboat, leaf-shaped, is painted with flowers; dated 1771. STOCKHOLM is the same manufactory as Rörstrand, but the mark was altered when the latter town was united to the capital. MARIEBERG, near Stockholm. The second Swedish pottery was established in 1750, on the expiration of the monopoly of Rörstrand, by M. Ehrenreich, under the patronage of Count Scheffer, Councillor of State. The fayence was something like Delft ware, and it was also ornamented with transfer printing. [Illustration: FIG. 106.--PLATE.] Fig. 105, a vase and cover, is coloured in relief; date about 1770. Fig. 106, a plate with pierced border, has a shield of arms and flowers; dated 1768. CONTINENTAL PORCELAIN Porcelain has this distinguishing characteristic, that when held up to a strong light it appears translucent, unlike fayence, which is perfectly opaque. Its fracture is hard and white internally, like a broken piece of alabaster.