New Jersey, early mining, 6; visited by Gomez, 28; early settlements, 199, 210-212; covets Delaware, 210; the two Jerseys, 212, 213; reunited as a royal province, 207, 213, 214; claimed by New York, 205; general characteristics, 214; election of county judges, 59, 60; geography, 219; social distinctions, 222-224; occupations, 224, 225; trade and commerce, 225, 226; life and manners, 227-229; education, 229; religion, 230; political conditions, 231, 282; Bellomont's term, 276; Indian affairs, 277, 282; population(1700), 221, (1750), 265. New Mexico, aborigines of, 8; Spanish explorations, 28-30; Spanish colonies, 31, 32. New Netherland, settlement of, 196-198; progress, 198-202; Puritan encroachments, 162-164; settlements on the Delaware, 207-209; conquered by England, 168, 202, 203, 210-212. New Netherlands Company, 197. New Orleans, founded, 248, 256. Newport, R. I., old mill at, 23; settled, 147; unites with Portsmouth, 148; chartered, 149. New Spain. _See_ Mexico. New Sweden, its rise and fall, 201, 202, 208, 209. _See_ Swedes. New York, early mining, 6; geography, 218-220; social classes, 222-224; occupations, 224, 225; trade and commerce, 77, 140, 185, 225, 226; fur-trade, 248-250; life and manners, 226-229; education, 229; religion, 229, 230; crime and pauperism, 230, 231; political conditions, 231, 232, 282; Indian affairs, 277; the Dutch régime, 196-202; captured by English, 202, 203; the "duke's laws," 204; recaptured by Dutch, 205; England again in possession, 205; the rule of Andros, 205, 206, 213; the charter of liberties, 205; Leisler's revolution, 206; French designs on, 253; in King William's War, 253, 254; in Queen Anne's War, 255; Bellomont's term, 276; colonial congress, 270, 271; boundary disputes, 267, 268; population, (1690) 253, (1700) 220, 221, (1750) 265; characteristics, 207. New York City, founded by the Dutch, 198; early commerce, 226; characteristics, 227, 228; education in, 229; political spirit in, 282. Nicholson, Sir Francis, governor of Virginia, 79, 80, 81, 273; deputy-governor of New York, 206. Normans, American discoveries by, 21, 180; early at Newfoundland, 26, 49, 241. North Carolina, aborigines of, 11; Raleigh's colonies, 38, 40; named in London Company's charter, 66; origin of, 88, 90; first settlements, 92, 93; Culpeper rebellion, 92; character of colonists, 97; their turbulent spirit, 273, 280, 281; occupations, 102; agriculture, 103; religion, 108, 109; mountains of, 179; becomes a royal province, 267; boundary established, 268; Indian affairs, 277; Oglethorpe's expedition, 278; influence of Virginian ideas, 280; population (1763), 266.