North Virgina Company. _See_ Plymouth Company. Norwegians, in Iceland, 21. Nova Scotia, early French settlement, 35, 36; Claiborne's trade with, 77; intercolonial relations, 234, 235; French-English struggles, 252; in King William's War, 253, 254; in Queen Anne's War, 255; removal of the Acadians, 243; general history, 242-244. Ocrakoke inlet, English colony on, 38. Oglethorpe, James, character, 259; founds Georgia, 259, 260; campaign against Florida Spaniards, 262, 269, 278. Ohio Company, its colonization efforts, 283. Oneida Indians, 10, 11. Onondaga Indians, 10, 11. Oregon, aborigines of, 12. Pacific ocean, crossed by prehistoric vessels, 2; effect on American exploration, 26, 27, 70; discovery by Balboa, 26. -- slope, north-shore flora, 2; difficulties of colonizing, 3; geography, 3, 4, 6, 7; early Spanish explorations, 28, 29; Spanish missions, 31; Drake's explorations, 37. Palatinate War. _See_ King William's War. Palatines, in Pennsylvania, 230. Paper money, governors oppose its issue, 272-274, 278, 289. Parish, the, in England, 55, 57; in the South, 56. Patroon system, in New York, 198-200; in Delaware, 207, 208. Pawtuxet, R. I., founded, 160; the Gorton case, 160, 161. Penn Charter School, founded, 229. Penn, William, secures grant of Delaware, 210; interested in New Jersey, 212, 213, 215; secures grant of Pennsylvania, 215; his government, 216; relations with Indians, 216, 217; boundary disputes with Maryland, 86; on American climate, 220; supported by aristocrats, 224; introduces physicians, 225; imports Germans, 230; plan for colonial union, 270; death, 217; his heirs resist taxation of their lands, 273, 274. --, Admiral Sir William, father of foregoing, 215, 240. Pennsylvania, settlements, 208, 209, 215; geography, 219; social classes, 222-224; occupations, 224, 225; trade and commerce, 225, 226; life and manners, 227-229; education, 229; religion, 108, 229, 230; crime and pauperism, 231; political conditions, 232, 280, 281; annexation of Delaware, 210, 216; development, 216, 217; witchcraft delusion, 192; boundary disputes, 86, 268; disagreement between governor and assembly, 273, 274; Indian affairs, 170, 277; paper money, 278; characteristics, 217; influence of Virgina ideas, 280; population (1700), 221, 222, (1750) 265, 266. Pequod Indians, uprising of, 136, 137, 140-142. Philadelphia, first medical school, 184; commerce, 185, 226; first insane hospital, 231; arrival of Scotch, 269; characteristics, 228. Philip II., king of Spain, 34. Philip's War, in New England, 169-172, 188. Phipps, Sir William, governor of Massachusetts, 177, 275, 276; captures Port Royal, 254.