Produced by Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive.) [Illustration] The Columbia River Its History, Its Myths, Its Scenery, Its Commerce By William Denison Lyman Professor of History in Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington _With 80 Illustrations and a Map_ G. P. Putnam's Sons New York and London The Knickerbocker Press 1909 COPYRIGHT, 1909 BY G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS The Knickerbocker Press, New York TO MY PARENTS Horace Lyman and Mary Denison Lyman PIONEERS OF 1849, WHO BORE THEIR PART IN LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS OF CIVILIZATION UPON THE BANKS OF THE COLUMBIA, THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR I see the living tide roll on, It crowns with rosy towers The icy capes of Labrador, The Spaniard's land of flowers; It streams beyond the splintered ridge That parts the northern showers. From eastern rock to sunset wave, The Continent is ours. HOLMES. PREFACE As one of the American Waterways series, this volume is designed to be a history and description of the Columbia River. The author has sought to convey to his reader a lively sense of the romance, the heroism, and the adventure which belong to this great stream and the parts of the North-west about it, and he has aimed to breathe into his narrative something of the spirit and sentiment--a spirit and sentiment more easily recognised than analysed--which we call "Western." With this end in view, his treatment of the subject has been general rather than detailed, and popular rather than recondite. While he has spared no pains to secure historical accuracy, he has not made it a leading aim to settle controverted points, or to present the minutiae of historical research and criticism. In short, the book is rather for the general reader than for the specialist. The author hopes so to impress his readers with the majesty of the Columbia as to fill their minds with a longing to see it face to face. Frequent reference in the body of the book to authorities renders it unnecessary to name them here. Suffice it to say that the author has consulted the standard works of history and description dealing with Oregon--the old Oregon--and its River, and from the voluminous matter there gathered has selected the facts that best combine to make a connected and picturesque narrative. He has treated the subject topically, but there is a general progression throughout, and the endeavour has been to find a natural jointure of chapter to chapter and era to era.