Such parts of Southern Europe and Northern Africa as bordered on the Mediterranean Sea probably possessed a milder climate during the ice age than regions in the same latitudes on the Atlantic coast, for the reason that the North Atlantic was proportionally a greater receptacle for icebergs which were launched into it from the numerous glaciers of North-eastern America, Greenland, Iceland, and North-western Europe than the great inland sea obtained from its less frigid shores. And it may have happened that during such times the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean had some connection with the Mediterranean through the Red Sea and Suez, and so during portions of the year the waters of the tropical Indian Ocean were forced by the periodical winds into the inland sea. It is the opinion of several writers that man, along with other species of animal life, existed previous to the glacial period; for, since the seas and lands of the globe were chilled, the conditions seem to have been less favorable for the spontaneous generation of animate bodies than during the previous warm ages. Therefore, it appears that the generative ages should be ascribed to the long genial eras prior to the glacial epochs. For it is probable that the lower parts of the ocean, which now possess a low temperature even in the tropical latitudes, were, during the warm eras, wholly composed of warm water, because the surface waters of the antarctic seas of that age, which supply the great under-currents of the ocean, would possess a high temperature; and it is probable that the temperature of a large portion of the seas of the torrid zone was for a long time maintained at blood heat. For it should be considered that the waters which moved from the torrid seas, after making their journey through the warm regions of the high latitudes, would on their return to the tropics retain a large portion of the heat they acquired in the torrid zone before making their journey to the mild polar regions. And, when we reflect how the heat of the sun’s rays was conserved by the ocean waters, and that their circulation during such times was almost wholly performed by the winds, as the difference of temperature between the polar latitudes and the equator was small, it appears that during the eras previous to the glacial age the oceans must have obtained a higher temperature than possessed by the warmest seas of to-day. According to the discoveries of Professor Wright and others, ancient stone implements have been found beneath the glacial drift, as well as the bones of animals whose descendants are now living, which goes to prove that man, with other species of fauna which now inhabit the earth, existed anterior to the glacial epoch.