The rival of Myos-Hormos was +Berenikê+, a city built by Ptolemy Philadelphos, who so named it in honour of his mother, who was the daughter of Ptolemy Lagos and Antigonê. It was in the same parallel with Syênê and therefore not far from the Tropic [lat. 23° 55´ N.]. It stood nearly at the bottom of _Foul Bay_ (ἐν βάθει τοῦ Ἀκαθάρτου Κὀλπου), so called from the coast being foul with shoals and breakers, and not from the impurity of its water, as its Latin name, _Sinus Immundus_, would lead us to suppose. Its ruins are still perceptible even to the arrangement of the streets, and in the centre is a small Egyptian temple adorned with hieroglyphics and bas-reliefs of Greek workmanship. Opposite to the town is a very fine natural harbour, the entrance of which has been deep enough for small vessels, though the bar is now impassable at low water. Its prosperity under the Ptolemies and afterwards under the Romans was owing to its safe anchorage and its being, like Myos-Hormos, the terminus of a great road from Koptos along which the traffic of Alexandria with Ethiopia, Arabia, and India passed to and fro. Its distance from +Koptos+ was 258 Roman miles or 11 days’ journey. The distance between Myos-Hormos and Berenikê is given in the _Periplûs_ at 225 miles, but this is considerably above the mark. The difficulty of the navigation may probably have made the distance seem greater than it was in reality. 2. The country which adjoins them on the right below Berenîkê is +Barbaria+. Here the sea-board is peopled by the +Ikhthyophagoi+, who live in scattered huts built in the narrow gorges of the hills, and further inland are the +Berbers+, and beyond them the +Agriophagoi+ and +Moskhophagoi+, tribes under regular government by kings. Beyond these again, and still further inland towards the west [is situated the metropolis called Meroê].