The Commerce and Navigation of the Erythræan Sea: Being a Translation of the Periplus Maris Erythræi, by an Anonymous Writer, and of Arrian's Account of the Voyage of Nearkhos, from the Mouth of the Indus to the Head of the Persian Gulf
History
The Commerce and Navigation of the Erythræan Sea: Being a Translation of the Periplus Maris Erythræi, by an Anonymous Writer, and of Arrian's Account of the Voyage of Nearkhos, from the Mouth of the Indus to the Head of the Persian Gulf
Classical geography; Geography, Ancient; India -- Description and travel -- Early works to 1800; Indian Ocean Region -- Commerce -- History
27. To +Eudaimôn Arabia+ at once succeeds a great length of coast
and a bay extending 2,000 stadia or more, inhabited by nomadic tribes
and Ikhthyophagoi settled in villages. On doubling a cape which
projects from it you come to another trading seaport, +Kanê+,
which is subject to +Eleazos+, king of the incense country.
Two barren islands lie opposite to it, 120 stadia off—one called
+Orneôn+, and the other +Troullas+. At some distance inland
from +Kanê+ is +Sabbatha+, the principal city of the
district, where the king resides. At +Kanê+ is collected all the
incense that is produced in the country, this being conveyed to it
partly on camels, and partly _by sea_ on floats supported on inflated
skins, a local invention, and also in boats. +Kanê+ carries on
trade with ports across the ocean—+Barugaza+, +Skythia+, and
+Omana+, and the adjacent coast of +Persis+.
(27) The coast beyond Aden is possessed partly by wandering tribes,
and partly by tribes settled in villages which subsist on fish.
Here occurs a bay—that now called Ghubhet-al-Kamar, which extends
upwards of 2,000 stadia, and ends in a promontory—that now called
Râs-al-Asîdah or Bâ-l-hâf [lat. 13° 58´ N., long 48° 9´ S.—a cape
with a hill near the fishing village of Gillah]. Beyond this lies
another great mart called +Kanê+. It is mentioned by Pliny, and
also by Ptolemy, who assigns it a position in agreement with the
indications given in the _Periplûs_. It has been identified with
the port now called Hisn Ghorâb [lat. 14° 0´ N. long. 48° 19´ E.].
Not far from this is an island called Halanî, which answers to the
+Troullas+ of our author. Further south is another island, which
is called by the natives of the adjacent coast +Sikkah+, but
by sailors Jibûs. This is covered with the dung of birds which in
countless multitudes have always frequented it, and may be therefore
identified with the +Orneôn+ of the _Periplûs_. +Kanê+ was
subject to Eleazos, the king of the Frankincense Country, who resided
at +Sabbatha+, or as it is called by Pliny (VI. xxxii. 155)
+Sabota+, the capital of the Atramitae or Adramitae, a tribe
of Sabæans from whom the division of Arabia now known as Hadhramaut
takes its name. The position of this city cannot be determined with
certainty. Wellsted, who proceeded into the interior from the coast
near Hisn Ghorab through Wadi Meifah, came after a day’s journey and a
half to a place called Nakb-el-Hajar, situated in a highly cultivated
district, where he found ruins of an ancient city of the Himyarites
crowning an eminence that rose gently with a double summit from the
fertile plain. The city appeared to have been built in the most solid
style of architecture, and to have been protected by a very lofty
wall formed of square blocks of black marble, while the inscriptions
plainly betokened that it was an old seat of the Himyarites. A
close similarity could be traced between its ruins and those of
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