The Common Nature of Epidemics, and their relation to climate and civilizationSmith, Southwood
History
The Common Nature of Epidemics, and their relation to climate and civilization
Smith, Southwood
Communicable diseases; Epidemics; Quarantine
“With respect to the importation of the disease into various places,
except in one instance, and that even is surrounded with doubts (I mean
that of Her Majesty’s sloop ‘Bann’), I entirely disbelieve it. Both the
surgeons of Bermuda Hospital most distinctly deny on two occasions that
the epidemic which prevailed in 1843 was imported or contagious; I have
also caused the medical reports of Jamaica Hospital for more than twenty
years to be examined; and though hundreds of patients with yellow fever
in all its most appalling forms, including black vomit, &c., have been
treated in that establishment, not one of the medical officers in charge
of the hospital have ever hinted at the disease being contagious; and if
it be needful I can cite numerous other instances.”
As to the apprehension that the crew of the “Eclair” might have imported
the disease into England, he says:—
“I have no hesitation in declaring my firm belief that the sick men of
the ‘Eclair’ when that ship arrived at the Motherbank, might have been
landed at Haslar Hospital and placed in the well-ventilated wards of
that establishment without the public health suffering in the smallest
degree. It is a fact well known, and of the truth of which I can give
the most satisfactory proof, that during the autumn of every year
merchant-ships arrive in our harbours loaded with the produce of the
coast of Africa, having perhaps lost great part, nay in some instances
the whole, of their crew by the fever of the country; or some are still
labouring under fever when the ship arrives in the Thames, and are sent
to the hospital in that state; yet no instance is known of any infection
having been produced by such procedure; in fact it is perfectly certain
that it never did take place.”
Dr King, who says:—
“The inhabitants in general are firmly persuaded that the fever was
imported by the ‘Eclair’ and afterwards spread throughout the island by
contagion from one person to another. I have taken considerable pains to
trace out and discover the supposed morbid concatenation, but in vain.
It becomes, therefore, a duty to express my opinion decidedly, that
there is no satisfactory proof of the disease having been propagated by
contagion, or from a specific poison which is said to emanate from the
bodies of the sick, the dying, or the dead.”
The case of the “Eclair,” as has been already stated, is the one on
which the greatest reliance is placed in proof of the importation of
epidemic disease.
* * * * *
It is needful to advert to one instance more of alleged importation;
namely, the introduction of the Yellow Fever epidemic of 1828 into the
Garrison of Gibraltar by the ship “Dygden.” This case has been more
rigorously examined than any other, and on that account it exhibits a
better specimen than can usually be obtained of the manner in which the
evidence for these cases is commonly got up.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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