The Common Spiders of the United States — John Shaqi
The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Prosthesima ecclesiastica.$--Black, with white markings along the
middle of the back. One-third of an inch long, a little larger than _P.
atra_ and smaller than _Gnaphosa conspersa_. The cephalothorax is
proportionally longer and narrower and the sternum narrower and less
round than in _P. atra_ (fig. 18). The cephalothorax is dull black at
the sides, with a whitish stripe in the middle. The legs are also dull
black and, like the cephalothorax, turn brown in alcohol. The abdomen is
black, with a bright white stripe in the middle that extends from the
front end about two-thirds its length; and at the hinder end, just over
the spinnerets, is another white mark (fig. 17). The under side of the
abdomen is dark at the sides and light in the middle. The eyes and
maxillæ are as in _P. atra_, the maxillæ a little less rounded at the
ends.
[Illustration: FIG. 19. Drassus saccatus.--Female enlarged three times.
For eyes and mouth parts see figs. 1 and 2 in Introduction.]
$Drassus saccatus.$--Four-fifths of an inch long, and pale, without
markings. The head is shorter and wider than in _Gnaphosa conspersa_ and
_Prosthesima atra_, and the eyes cover a larger part of the head. Both
rows of eyes (figs. 2, 19) are curved, with the middle highest. The
middle upper pair are oval and turned apart toward the front. The
lateral eyes are twice their diameter from the middle pair. The maxillæ
(fig. 1) are widened at the ends on both sides. The labium is as wide as
it is long, narrowed toward the end but truncated at the tip. The color
is light gray, with short fine hairs all over the body. The front of the
head, the feet, and the mandibles and maxillæ are darker and browner.
The abdomen is marked only with the usual four muscular spots and
sometimes a few transverse dark markings toward the hinder end. The
legs are long and tapering in both sexes. The male is smaller and more
slender than the female, and the male palpi are long, with the end very
little enlarged. They live under stones, and make a large transparent
bag of silk in which the female makes her cocoon of eggs, and stays with
it until the young come out. Early in the summer a male and female often
live together in the nest, even before the female is mature.
[Illustration: FIGS. 20, 21, 22. Geotrecha crocata.--22, female enlarged
four times. 20, eyes seen from in front. 21, maxillæ, labium, and ends
of mandibles from below.]
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