The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Xysticus triguttatus.$--This is a small and very common spider living
on grass and low bushes. The female is about a fifth of an inch long and
the male as large but with a smaller abdomen. The difference in the
color of the sexes is so great that they may easily be mistaken for
different species. The females (fig. 95) are straw-colored, the abdomen
almost white, and the thorax and legs brownish yellow. There are three
black spots at the back of the thorax and indistinct darker bands at the
sides. On the abdomen are two black spots near the front end and three
pairs of broken transverse stripes behind. The male (fig. 96) has the
femora of the two front legs dark brown, the rest like the female or a
little darker. The thorax is dark brown, except in the middle, where it
is a little lighter, as in the female. The abdomen of the male is
strongly marked with transverse black and white stripes, irregular
toward the front end.
[Illustration: FIG. 98. Xysticus quadrilineatus, enlarged four times.]
$Xysticus quadrilineatus.$--Quarter of an inch long, with the thorax a
tenth of an inch wide and the head unusually wide in front. The color is
light yellow, with light brown markings and black spots. The
cephalothorax has four narrow brown stripes, one on each side close to
the edge and the others running back from the lateral eyes (fig. 98);
there are also two fine brown lines sometimes extending from the middle
eyes to the dorsal groove, but usually broken in the middle. There is a
brown spot just behind the dorsal groove and two others in the middle of
the cephalothorax. On the abdomen there are two black spots at the front
end, two in the middle and two near the hind end, besides several
smaller ones along the sides. There are four light brown lines across
the hinder half, each with a white line behind it, and at the sides are
oblique brown lines alternating with white. The legs have a distinct
light line along the dorsal side and are covered with fine brown spots
without any other markings.
[Illustration: FIGS. 99, 100. Xysticus versicolor.--99, female. 100,
male. Both enlarged four times.]
$Xysticus (Coriarachne) versicolor.$--The thorax, abdomen, and legs are
all much flattened, the head is low, and the upper and lower eyes nearer
together than in the other species. The colors are black and gray in
irregular spots on a light ground (figs. 99, 100). On bark or unpainted
wood these spiders can hardly be seen. Light individuals have black
spots on the legs at the end of each joint and the usual three pairs of
dark marks on the abdomen. On the thorax is a white spot in the middle
under the front of the abdomen. Around this spot and behind the eyes is
black extending in spots along the sides. In dark females and in most
males the dark spots are so large that the whole spider is nearly black.
This is a common spider, and a similar species, _Coriarachne depressa_,
is equally common in Europe.
THE GENUS PHILODROMUS
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