The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Neon nellii.$--This is one of the smallest spiders of the family, only
a tenth of an inch in length. The general color is dark gray, darkest
toward the head. The cephalothorax is high, the highest part being a
little behind the middle, from which it curves downward to the front
eyes and slopes abruptly backward (fig. 130). The eyes are large and
prominent, the front row nearly straight and as wide as the widest part
of the cephalothorax. The posterior eyes are nearly as large as the
front middle pair and are in the middle of the cephalothorax. The
abdomen is a little longer and wider than the cephalothorax (fig. 131).
The cephalothorax is smoky gray, darker toward the front and darker in
males than females. The abdomen is gray, with yellowish markings in a
herringbone pattern through the middle. Common under stones and leaves
at all seasons.
[Illustration: FIG. 132. Zygoballus bettini.--Female enlarged eight
times.]
$Zygoballus bettini.$--This is a very beautifully colored spider, having
in life spots of white hairs and shining scales of the color of copper
and bronze. The cephalothorax of both sexes is high and wide in the
middle and slopes down steeply from the posterior eyes under the front
of the abdomen (fig. 132). The top of the cephalothorax between the eyes
is nearly square. The posterior eyes are almost the full width of the
cephalothorax apart, and the front row of eyes is nearly as long. The
cephalothorax is dark brown covered with iridescent scales. The legs are
pale, except the dark femora of the first pair and dark spots on the
ends of the joints of the fourth pair. In the male all the legs are a
little darker than in the female and without the spots on the fourth
leg. The abdomen of the female is light brown, marked with white in a
row of irregular spots. In the male the abdomen is brown, covered with
shining scales and with a white band around the front and two white
spots on each side. The mandibles of the male are much elongated and
bent apart at the ends to make room for the long claw. At the inner
angle is a large tooth, and there is another one of complicated shape on
the middle of the under side.
[Illustration: FIG. 133. Phidippus multiformis.--Female enlarged six
times.]
$Phidippus multiformis.$--This is a very common spider on plants
throughout the summer. It matures in July, and the males and females are
so little alike as to be taken for different species. The males (fig.
134) are black, with white and orange markings on the abdomen, while the
females are brown mixed with black, white, and yellow scales and small
white spots.
[Illustration: FIG. 134. Phidippus multiformis.--Male enlarged six
times.]
The usual length is about a third of an inch in both sexes. The
cephalothorax is nearly as broad as long, and the abdomen of the female
as wide as the thorax and a little longer.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account