The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
Spiders live in all kinds of places. Certain species are attached to
houses and seldom found far from them, and many of these occur over a
large part of the world. The light webs in the corners of rooms are
chiefly the work of _Theridium tepidariorum_ (p. 112), occasionally of
_Steatoda borealis_ (p. 119) and _Steatoda triangulosa_ (p. 121). In
cellars the thin webs about the stairs and shelves are those of the
long-legged _Pholcus phalangioides_ (p. 129) or of _Linyphia nebulosa_
or _minuta_ (pp. 144, 145), and the thick flat webs in corners and
between the beams are those of _Tegenaria derhamii_ (p. 96). On the
outside of houses live two jumping spiders, the most common being
_Epiblemum scenicum_ (p. 60), a small gray species the color of
weathered wood, and the other, _Marptusa familiaris_ (p. 61). Some of
the round-web spiders live in great numbers about houses. The three
brown species, _Epeira sclopetaria_ (p. 160), _patagiata_, and _strix_,
hide in cracks and at night make their round webs in porches, barns, and
bridges. In the northern part of the country _Epeira cinerea_ (p. 165)
has the same habit. _Epeira globosa_ (p. 174) is often found on the
outside of houses, and so are _Zilla atrica_ and _Zilla x-notata_ (p.
185). _Amaurobius ferox_ (p. 215), a large imported species, is
sometimes found in cellars, and several Dictyna (p. 206) live in great
numbers on the outside of houses, in corners of windows, under the edges
of shingles, or in cracks of walls, spreading their webs wherever there
is room for them and gathering dust so that they often make a distinct
spot on the wall. In the southern states _Filistata hibernalis_ (p. 220)
is one of the most common spiders about houses. Its webs often make a
round spot of dust a foot or more in diameter. Stones and sticks lying
on the ground furnish shelter for a great number of spiders. _Steatoda
borealis_ (p. 119), _marmorata_ (p. 121), and _guttata_ (p. 120) and
_Asagena americana_ (p. 122) are found in such places, and so,
especially in the South, is _Latrodectus mactans_ (p. 122). The large
jumping spiders, _Phidippus mystaceus_ (p. 50) and _tripunctatus_ (p.
51), make large nests of white silk under stones near the ground. The
ground spiders, _Drassus saccatus_ (p. 6), _Gnaphosa conspersa_ (p. 2),
and _Prosthesima atra_ (p. 5), run on the ground and hide under stones.
_Lycosa nidicola_ (p. 69), _Lycosa communis_ (p. 75), _Lycosa pratensis_
(p. 69), _polita_ (p. 70), and _cinerea_ (p. 74) are often found under
shelters of this kind. The crab spiders of the genus Xysticus live under
stones, but oftener under bark farther from the ground.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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