The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
It makes a large web in the corners of rooms, under furniture, and in
the angles of fences and between stones (fig. 255). It usually stands in
the most sheltered part of the web, where a part of it is more closely
woven than the rest, but not enough so to conceal the spider. It
occasionally makes the web in an open place where there is no shelter
above, and then it sometimes carries a piece of leaf into the web and
hides under it, as is the usual habit with some allied species. The webs
of the young are usually more regular in form than those of adults
(figs. 256, 257). A male and female often occupy the same web for a long
time. The eggs are laid in brownish pear-shaped cocoons, several of
which are made in the same season by one spider and hang in the web.
This species is found all over the world.
[Illustration: FIG. 261. Theridium rupicola, enlarged eight times.]
$Theridium rupicola.$--This resembles closely _tepidariorum_ and is
easily mistaken for the young of that species. It does not grow larger
than an eighth of an inch long. The colors are like _tepidariorum_,
usually dark gray with black spots, the back of the abdomen sometimes
almost white. The legs are distinctly ringed with light and dark. In the
middle of the abdomen is a pointed hump, the front part generally black
and the hinder part white (fig. 261).
It lives under stones and among rocks, in webs like those of
_tepidariorum_, often containing grains of sand which look as if placed
there by the spider, as sand falling into such a web would go through
without sticking to the threads.
[Illustration: FIG. 262. Theridium globosum, enlarged eight times.]
$Theridium globosum.$--This is another species with a high abdomen like
_tepidariorum_. It is about a twelfth of an inch long and almost as high
(fig. 262). The abdomen is a little flattened behind and pointed toward
the spinnerets. The hinder part is white, with a large black spot in the
middle, below which is sometimes a smaller black spot. Sometimes there
is a bright white line around the light area. The front upper part of
the abdomen is yellowish gray, and the under part brown. The
cephalothorax is orange brown, except a black spot between the eyes. The
legs are orange brown.
[Illustration: FIG. 263. Web of Theridium differens in the top of a
young pine tree. Half the real size.]
[Illustration: FIGS. 264, 265, 266. Theridium differens.--264, female
enlarged eight times. 265, male enlarged eight times. 266, end of palpus
of male.]
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