The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Linyphia coccinea.$--About a sixth of an inch long and bright red and
orange color. The size and length of legs are about the same as in
_communis_. The legs are light orange, the cephalothorax a deeper shade
of the same color, and the abdomen light red. The palpi have the ends
black, and the legs are sometimes streaked with black. The hinder middle
eyes are twice as large as the others and twice as far apart as the
front middle pair. The space between and around the middle eyes is
black. The top of the abdomen is a little flattened and extended back in
a blunt black point over the spinnerets (fig. 330). The male (fig. 331)
differs little from the female except in the more slender abdomen and
longer legs. The male palpi are as long as those of the female and only
a little thickened at the ends. The blackened point on the end of the
abdomen is less distinct in the male than the female. The web is a
little concave, not as deep as that of _marginata_ and with smaller
meshes. It is made among low plants. This is a common species in the
South.
[Illustration: FIG. 332. Web of Linyphia phrygiana in a barberry bush.
The spider stood under the upper part of the inclined sheet close to the
stem.]
[Illustration: FIGS. 333, 334. Linyphia phrygiana.--333, markings of
abdomen enlarged eight times. 334, palpus of male.]
$Linyphia phrygiana.$--This is one of the most common species and lives
both in the woods and around houses. It is larger than _marginata_ and
_communis_, measuring a fifth of an inch in length. The cephalothorax is
light yellow, with a black line in the middle, forked at the front end,
and another at the sides near the edge of the thorax. The legs are light
yellow, with a dark ring at the end of each joint and at the middle of
each tibia and metatarsus. The legs are also marked with dark spots,
especially on the femora, and the spines are black and conspicuous. The
abdomen is yellowish, with brown spots at the sides and beneath, and
along the middle of the back is a dark brown or red herring-bone stripe
(fig. 333). The head of the male is higher than that of the female and
has a crest of stiff hairs. The male palpi (fig. 334) have a long spur
on the patella and have the end small, like _communis_. The web (fig.
332) is a large flat sheet, sometimes over a foot across. A corner of it
usually runs under a stone or other hiding place, and here the spider
stands, often making a little tent in connection with the web.
[Illustration: FIG. 335. Linyphia trilineata.--Markings of abdomen
enlarged eight times.]
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