The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Linyphia (Stemonyphantes) trilineata.$--About a quarter of an inch
long, with a large oval abdomen and comparatively short legs. The color
is light yellowish gray, the cephalothorax with three dark lines, and
the abdomen with three rows of dark spots partly connected in lines. The
legs are marked with dark rings on the ends and middle of the joints,
more distinctly on the under than on the upper side. The sternum is
light in the middle and black around the edge, and the abdomen has
irregular black spots at the sides and beneath. The male has longer legs
and wider thorax and smaller abdomen. It lives under stones and logs and
winters under leaves in the woods. It is common both in this country and
Europe.
[Illustration: FIGS. 336, 337, 338. Linyphia nebulosa.--336, male. 337,
female enlarged twelve times. 338, markings of back of abdomen.]
[Illustration: FIGS. 339, 340, 341. Linyphia nebulosa.--339, palpus of
male. 340, epigynum from below. 341, epigynum from the right side.]
$Linyphia (Bathyphantes) nebulosa.$--Length a sixth of an inch. Color
light brownish yellow, with gray markings (fig. 338). Some are almost
white, and others are dark, with the black spots covering a large part
of the body. The cephalothorax is dark on the edges and has a dark
middle stripe, forked toward the eyes. The abdomen has six or seven
pairs of irregular dark spots, more or less connected with a dark middle
line. The under side of abdomen and sternum have black spots which, in
dark individuals, run together, making these parts entirely black. The
legs have dark rings on the ends and middle of the femora and tibiæ.
The spines are long and darker than the skin. The epigynum is folded
twice, so that only part of it is seen extending out from the under side
of the abdomen (figs. 340, 341). The palpus of the male (fig. 339) has
large and complicated appendages at the end. In general shape it is
rounder than in the next species, and the angle at the base of the
tarsus is less prominent. This spider is common in cellars and other
damp and shady places about houses. It is common in Europe and is
perhaps imported. The web is flat, like that of _L. phrygiana_, and
often large for the size of the spider, sometimes covering a pail or box
a foot wide.
[Illustration: FIGS. 342, 343, 344. Linyphia minuta.--342, side of
abdomen of female. 343, epigynum. 344, end of palpus of male.]
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