The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
$Linyphia (Bathyphantes) minuta.$--One-eighth of an inch long, a little
smaller than _nebulosa_. The cephalothorax is yellowish brown, darker at
the edges, but without any middle line. The dark markings of the abdomen
nearly cover it, so that it appears dark gray with light markings
instead of light with dark markings, as in _nebulosa_. The legs are
light brownish yellow, with dark rings on the ends and middle of the
femora and tibiæ. The epigynum is folded twice, as in _nebulosa_ (fig.
343). The male palpi (fig. 344) have a general resemblance to those of
_nebulosa_, but there are some distinct differences. The tarsal hook is
very large and has a longer and narrower point than _nebulosa_. The
tarsus has on the outer side near the base a conical point roughened
with short ridges. This is more prominent in this species than in
_nebulosa_. It lives in cellars and similar places often in company with
_nebulosa_.
[Illustration: FIGS. 345, 346, 347. Linyphia socialis.--345, markings of
back of abdomen enlarged eight times. 346, side of female. 347, front of
female showing eyes, mandibles, and palpi.]
$Linyphia (Drapetisca) socialis.$--This very distinct species is marked
with gray and white and is often found on the bark of trees without any
web. It is a tenth to an eighth of an inch in length. The cephalothorax
is white with black edges, a black spot in front under the eyes, and a
black mark in the middle, from which indistinct lines radiate toward the
edge. The abdomen is widest just behind the middle (fig. 345). It is
white, mottled with gray, and has a black stripe on each side and
several pairs of black spots in the middle, connected with a middle
line. The legs are white, with a gray ring at the end and middle of each
joint. The spines are long on the legs and palpi (fig. 347). The
mandibles have an oblique dark stripe and several long hairs in front
and a row of teeth in front of the claw. The epigynum (fig. 346) is
large and extends obliquely backward away from the abdomen and curves
inward again at the end. It lives all over the northern part of this
country and Europe, under leaves and sometimes on trees, where it is
occasionally found on the bark without any web.
[Illustration: FIGS. 348, 349, 350. Linyphia insignis.--348, female
enlarged twelve times. 349, side of abdomen of female. 350, epigynum.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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