“For if a commonwealth has been introduced at once, as those of Israel
and Lacedaemon, you are certain to find her underlaid with this as the
main foundation; nor, if she is obliged more to fortune than prudence,
has she raised her head without musing upon this matter, as appears by
that of Athens, which through her defect in this point, says Aristotle,
introduced her ostracism, as most of the democracies of Greece. But,
not to restrain a fundamental of such latitude to any one kind of
government, do we not yet see that if there be a sole landlord of a
vast territory, he is the Turk? that if a few landlords overbalance a
populous country, they have store of servants? that if a people be in an
equal balance, they can have no lords? that no government can otherwise
be erected, than upon some one of these foundations? that no one of
these foundations (each being else apt to change into some other) can
give any security to the government, unless it be fixed? that through
the want of this fixation, potent monarchy and commonwealths have fallen
upon the heads of the people, and accompanied their own sad ruins with
vast effusions of innocent blood? Let the fame, as was the merit of
the ancient nobility of this nation, be equal to or above what has been
already said, or can be spoken, yet have we seen not only their glory
but that of a throne, the most indulgent to and least invasive for so
many ages upon the liberty of a people that the world has known, through
the mere want of fixing her foot by a proportionable agrarian upon
her proper foundation, to have fallen with such horror as has been a
spectacle of astonishment to the whole earth. And were it well argued
from one calamity, that we ought not to prevent another? Nor is
Aristotle so good a commonwealths man for deriding the invention of
Phaleas as in recollecting himself, where he says that democracies, when
a less part of their citizens overtop the rest in wealth, degenerate
into oligarchies and principalities; and, which comes nearer to the
present purpose, that the greater part of the nobility of Tarentum
coming accidentally to be ruined, the government of the few came by
consequence to be changed into that of the many.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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