[586] Ibid. p. 203. It will be observed that this description of the Scots--“quasi sepes densa”--is an admirable parallel to the metaphor--“quasi castellum”--which Henry of Huntingdon applies to the English “acies” at the Battle of Hastings, and which Mr. Freeman so deplorably misunderstood (‘Feudal England,’ p. 343–4). So, too, Adam de Murimuth speaks of the French fleet at the Battle of Sluys (1340) as “quasi castrorum acies (or aciem) ordinatum” (p. 106). Such metaphors, I have shown, were common. [587] Vol. vii. p. 122. [588] Vol. iii. p. xxi. [589] History of England, p. 174. [590] Mr. Oman reckons the men of the “Marcher Lords” at 1,850. I make them 2,040. [591] Ed. Record Commission. [592] Except a special body of 100 men from the Forest of Dean whence the necessary miners were always obtained. [593] History of the Art of War, pp. 593–4. [594] “Commissioners of Array for all counties citra Trent” (Wrottesley’s ‘Creçy and Calais,’ p. 8; cf. Ibid. pp. 58–61). [595] Ibid. pp. 67–8. [596] Rotuli Scotiæ, i. p. 127. [597] Since this was written Mr. Morris has independently observed that 40,000 or even 10,000 horse are impossible (‘Eng. Hist. Rev.,’ xiv. 133). [598] I omit, as he does, in this reckoning, any contingents from elsewhere. [599] The italics are mine. [600] The italics are mine. [601] “The host was told off into ten battles, probably (like the French at Creçy) in three lines of three battles each, with the tenth as a reserve under the king” (p. 574). But in the earlier plans the English battles are shown in _single_ line, and in the earliest, at least, with a widely extended front. [602] The italics are mine. [603] The italics are mine. [604] Art of War in Middle Ages, 104; Social England,, ii. 174–176; History of England, pp. 187–8; History of the Art of War, pp. 604–615. [605] Mélanges Julien Havet: La date de la composition du ‘Modus tenendi Parliamentum in Anglia’ (1895). [606] M. Bémont, by a slip, describes him (p. 471), as “exerçant la charge de grand connétable (_sic_) d’Angleterre au couronnement de Richard II.” [607] See Mr. Watson’s Note in ‘Complete Peerage,’ vi. p. 197. [608] Ibid. v. p. 260; also Doyle’s ‘Official Baronage.’ [609] M. Bémont writes that he “vivait au temps de Richard II., non de Henri II.” But this is a misconception. [610] Hearne’s ‘Curious Discourses,’ ii. 90–97. [611] Ibid. pp. 327–330. [612] Rot. Chart., i. 46. [613] M. Paris, ‘Chronica Majora.’ [614] Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1307–1313, p. 6. [615] Ibid. p. 51. [616] Const. Hist., ii. 328. [617] He was one of those besieging him in Scarborough Castle, May, 1312. [618] Ed. Hearne, p. 103. [619] Dictionary of National Biography, li. 204.