To the End that by fit Applications he may asswage those Pains which he is oblig'd to cause his Patients to endure. _What is Chirurgery or Surgery?_ It is an Art which shews how to cure the Diseases of Humane Bodies by a methodical Manual Application. The Term being derived from the _Greek_ Word [Greek: Cheir], signifying a Hand and [Greek: Ergon], a _Work_ or _Operation_. _After how many manners are Chirurgical Operations usually perform'd?_ Four several ways. _Which be they?_ I. _Synthesis_, whereby the divided Parts are re-united; as in Wounds. II. _Diæresis_, that divides and separates those Parts, which, by their Union, hinder the Cure of Diseases, such is the continuity of Abscesses or Impostumes which must be open'd to let out the purulent Matter. III. _Exæresis_, which draws out of the Body whatsoever is noxious or hurtful, as Bullets, Arrows, _&c._ IV. _Prosthesis_ adds some Instrument or Body to supply {3} the defect of those that are wanting; such are Artificial Legs and Arms, when the Natural ones are lost. It also furnishes us with certain Instruments to help and strengthen weak Parts, such as _Pessaries_, which retain the _Matrix_ in its proper place when it is fallen, Crutches to assist feeble Persons in going, _&c._ _What ought to be chiefly observed before the undertaking an Operation?_ Four things; _viz._ 1. What the Operation to be perform'd is? 2. Why it is perform'd? 3. Whether it be necessary or possible? And 4. The manner of performing it. _How may we discern these?_ The Operation to be perform'd may be known by its Definition; that is to say, by explaining what it is in it self: We may discover whether it ought to be done, by examining whether the Distemper cannot be cur'd otherwise: We may also judge whether it be possible or necessary, by a competent Knowledge of the Nature of the Disease, the Strength of the Patient, and the Part affected: Lastly, the manner of performing it may be found out, by being well vers'd in the Practice of Surgery. _What are the Fundamental Principles of Surgery?_ They are Three in number: _viz._ 1. The knowledge of Man's Body. 2. That of the Diseases which require a Manual Operation. 3. That of proper Remedies and Helps upon every Occasion. _How may one attain to the Knowledge of Humane Bodies?_ {4} By the study of Anatomy. _How may one learn to know the Distempers relating to Surgery, and the Remedies appropriated for them?_ Two several ways; _viz._ 1. By the reading of good Books, and Instructions receiv'd from able Masters of that Art. 2. By practice and the Observation of what is perform'd by others upon the Bodies of their Patients. _What are the Diseases in general that belong to Surgery?_ They are Tumours, Impostumes, Wounds, Ulcers, Fractures, Dislocations, and generally all sorts of Distempers whereto Manual Operations may be applyed. _What are the Instruments in general which are commonly used in Surgery for the curing of Diseases?_