The Compleat Surgeon: or, the whole Art of Surgery explain'd in a most familiar Method.Le Clerc, M. (Charles Gabriel)
Science
The Compleat Surgeon: or, the whole Art of Surgery explain'd in a most familiar Method.
Le Clerc, M. (Charles Gabriel)
Surgery -- Early works to 1800
_Symphysis_ is the uniting of two Bones by the interposition of a _Medium_,
which ties them very streight together, being also threefold: Such is the
Connexion of the Knee-Pan or Whirl-Bone of the Knee, and the _Omoplata_ or
Shoulder-Blade.
_Are not these three kinds of Articulations or _Symphyses_ distinguish'd
one from another?_
Yes; for tho' they are all made by the means of a third Body intervening,
which joins them together; nevertheless every one of these various Bodies
gives a different Denomination to its respective Articulation: Thus the
Articulation which is caus'd by a Glutinous and {16} Cartilaginous
Substance, is properly call'd _Synchondrosis_; as that of the Nose, Chin,
_Os Pubis_, _&c._ But an Articulation which is made by a Ligament is termed
_Synncurosis_, as that of the Knee-Pan. Lastly, that which is wrought by
the means of Flesh, bears the Name of _Syssarcosis_; as the Jaw-Bones, the
_Os Hyoides_, and the _Omoplata_ or Shoulder-Blade.
_Have the Bones any sense of Feeling or Motion?_
They have neither; for their sense of Pain proceeds from nothing else but
their _Periostium_, or the Membrane with which they are cover'd, and their
Motion is perform'd only by the Muscles that draw them.
_Doth the Marrow afford any Nutriment to the Bones?_
No, all the Bones are nourish'd by the Blood, as the other Parts; but the
Marrow is to the Bones what the Fat is to the Flesh; that is to say, it is
a kind of Oil or Unctuous Substance, which moistens, and renders them less
brittle.
_Are all the Bones of the same Colour?_
No, they follow the Temperament and Constitution of the Persons.
_How many in number are the Bones of the Humane Skeleton?_
There are two hundred and fifty usually reckon'd, _viz._ 61 in the Head, 67
in the Trunk or Chest, 62 in the Arms and Hands, and 60 in the Legs and
Feet; but the true Number cannot be exactly determin'd, by reason that some
Persons have more, and others fewer; for some have more _Ossa Sesamoidea_,
Teeth and {17} Breast-Bones than others: Again, some have many indentings
in the _Lambdoidal_ Suture, and others have none at all.
_Can you rehearse the Number of the Bones of the Head?_
There are Fifteen in the Skull, and Forty six in the Face.
The Fifteen of the Skull are the _Coronal_ for the fore-part of the Head;
the _Occipital_ for the hinder-part; the two _Parietals_ for the upper-part
and each side; the two _Temporals_ for the Temples; the _Os Sphenoides_ or
_Cuneiforme_, which closeth the _Basis_ or bottom of the Skull; the _Os
Ethmoides_, or _Cribriforme_, situated at the Root of the Nose; and the
four little Bones of the Ear on each side, _viz._ the _Incus_ or Anvil; the
_Stapes_ or Stirrup; the _Malleolus_ or Hammer; and the _Orbiculare_ or
Orbicular Bone.
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