The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English works
Gower, John
Poetry
It has already been shown that _see_ (sea), which we have supposed to
have unstable vowel quality, very seldom rhymes with words having _ẹ̄_,
notwithstanding the frequent opportunity for such rhymes, and _ȝee_,
‘yea,’ never. It may be questioned whether the rule laid down by ten
Brink for Chaucer is a sound one, and whether Chaucer’s practice does
not really depend simply upon the larger supply of rhymes in _ẹ̄_, such
as _he_, _she_, _me_, _thee_, _be_, _se_ (verb), _tre_, _three_, &c. It
is at least possible that the difference here between Gower and Chaucer
arises from the fact that the latter was less strict in his rhymes, and
certainly the later developments of _sle_, _see_, _stre_, _ȝee_ supply
no confirmation of the idea that they had _ẹ̄_ regularly in Chaucer’s
language.
O. E. =ēo=. By the side of _sek_ (_siek_) there is occasionally _sik_.
The form _fil_, _fille_ for _fell_, _felle_, pret. sing. and pl. from
_falle_, are not used by Gower. He rhymes _fell_ (_fēoll_) : _hell_
(_hyll_) and _felle_, pret. pl.: _felle_ (_fyllan_).
The personal pronoun _ȝow_ (_ȝou_) from _ēow_ rhymes with _thou_,
_now_, &c.
O. E. =ī=. Fahrenberg’s instances of _ī_ : _ē_, i. 177 f. and iii. 413
f., are both founded on mistakes.
O. E. =ū=. The personal pronoun from O. E. _ūs_ is always written
_ous_, but rhymes in some instances with _-us_ in Latin names, e.g.
_Tricolonius_ : _ous_, _Tereüs_ : _ous_.
_būtan_ is shortened to _bot_, not _but_. It occurs also as a
dissyllable in the form _bote_.
O. E. =ȳ=. The only example of _ȳ_ as _ē_ is _fer_ from _fȳr_, which
occurs in rhyme with _ȝer_, iii. 694, (elsewhere _fyr_). Chaucer has
_fere_, dat., rhyming with _here_, adv., _Troilus_, iii. 978, and also
_afere_ in rhyme with _stere_, ‘stir,’ _Troilus_, i. 229.
The cases of _hedde_, _hed_, pret. and past participle (from _hȳdan_),
are examples of shortened _ȳ_ passing naturally to _e_, and so also
_fest_ from _fȳst_, _felthe_ from _fȳlþe_, _threste_ from _þrȳsta_.
From _ȳg_ in _drȳge_ we have _dreie_, but also _drye_.
O. E. =ō=. Gower, like Chaucer, rhymes the word _do_ (_misdo_, _undo_,
&c.), and occasionally _to_ in _therto_, with words that have _ǭ_
derived from _ā_, not only _so_, _also_, _two_, _wo_, but also _tho_,
adv. (i. 2609, iii. 683, v. 5331, &c.), _go_, _ago_ (ii. 2483, 3513,
iv. 1161, 3465, v. 5173, &c.), _overmo_ (i. 2385), _no_ (v. 4776),
_fo_ (iv. 3407). These words also rhyme with proper names, such as
_Juno_, _Lichao_, Babio. The other forms of _do_, as _doth_, _don_,
rhyme nearly always with _ọ̄_, but once we have _doth_ : _goth_, v.
3967 f., and once _don_ : _anon_, v. 3627 f. The rhyme _soth_ : _goth_
also occurs, v. 1579 f. This latter class of rhyme, as _don_ : _anon_,
_don_ : _gon_, _sothe_ : _bothe_, _soth_ : _wroth_, occurs frequently
in Chaucer’s earlier work, as the _Book of the Duchess_, but much less
so in the later.
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