The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English works
Gower, John
Poetry
The _-e_ termination of the dative appears in a good many prepositional
phrases: _to (in) bedde_, _in boke_, _to borwe_, _be (to)
bote_, _with (of) childe_, _unto the chinne_ (but _unto the chin_,
i. 1682), _be daie_, _to (fro) dethe_ (also _fro deth_), _of dome_,
_on (under) fote_ (but _upon the fot_, _at his fot_), _on fyre_,
_to (upon) grounde_, _fro (unto) the grounde_ (also _fro the
ground_), _on hede_, _at (fro) home_ (also _at hom_), _in (on,
upon) honde_, _to (into) honde_, (but ‘bar on _hond_,’ _be the
hond_), _on horse_, _to horse_, _to (in, of) house_ (but _in myn
hous_), _to (into) londe_, _be (in, over) londe_, _of (out
of) londe_, _fro the londe_, (but _of his lond_, &c.), _be lyhte_,
_to lyve_, _to manne_, _to mowthe_, _be mowthe_, _be nyhte_ (also _be
nyht_, and regularly _at nyht_, _on nyht_, _a nyht_, _to nyht_), _to
rede_, _be (to, into, out of) schipe_ (also _to schip_), _to
scorne_, _to slepe_ (also _to slep_), _to toune_, _to wedde_, _to
wyve_, _to ȝere_, _be ȝere_.
In the plural we have _hors_, _schep_ unchanged, and also with
numerals, _mile_, _monthe_, _pound_, _ȝer_ (beside _ȝeres_), _wynter_.
The plural of _thing_ is _thinges_, sometimes _thinge_, not _thing_.
Mutation plurals, _feet_, _men_, _teeth_, _wommen_. Plurals in _-en_,
_brethren_, _children_, _oxen_ (also _oxes_), _ton_, _yhen_.
The forms in _-ere_ have plurals _-ers_, as _janglers_, _kepers_,
_lovers_. From _maiden_ we have beside _maidens_ also _maidenes_ (three
syllables), iv. 255, which is perhaps the true reading in Chaucer,
_Leg. of G. Women_, 722. From _angel_ we have plural _anglis_, iii.
2256, as well as _angles_, and _Nimphis_, v. 6932, but there are few
examples of plural in _-is_.
With regard to Romance substantives Gower appears to be stricter
than Chaucer in preserving their form. He gives us regularly _beste_
‘beast,’ _feste_, _requeste_, _tempeste_. We have however _baner_ (also
_banere_), _host_, _maner_, _matier_ (beside _manere_, _matiere_),
_press_ (beside _presse_), _travaile_, _conseile_ (substantives) very
occasionally for _travail_, _conseil_.
Several distinctively feminine forms are used, as _capiteine_,
_chamberere_, _citezeine_, _cousine_, _enemie_.
In some cases the Latin inflexion is introduced, as _Tantaly_,
_Apollinis_, _Centauri_, _in Cancro_, _Achillem_, _Esionam_, _Phebum_,
the two last apparently introduced after the first recension.
(2) ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS. A few adjectives vary as regards final _e_
in the uninflected form, for example _ech eche_, _lich liche_, _low
lowe_, _many manye_, _moist moiste_, _old olde_, _other othre_, _such
suche_ (?), _trewe trew_, _wommanyssh wommannysshe_.
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