The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English works
Gower, John
Poetry
In comparative forms _-e_ is often dropped, as _fairer_, _further_,
_longer_, _rather_, _ȝonger_, but more often written, as _furthere_,
_deppere_, _ferre_, _gladdere_, _grettere_, _lengere_, _rathere_.
This _-e_, however, is either elided or passed over in the metre (as
ii. 503, iv. 1459, vi. 1490, 1525, 2010). Where there is syncope of
the penultimate, as after _v_(_u_) in _levere_, the final _e_ counts
regularly as a syllable, so that in case of elision the word is reduced
to a monosyllable, which never takes place with _rathere_, _furthere_,
&c.
When adjectives or adverbs ending in weak _e_ are combined with a
suffix or another word, _-e_ is often dropped; thus we have _everemore
evermore_, _furthermore_, _joieful joiful_, _hevenely hevenly_,
_trewely_ _trewly_ (so also _trewman_), and so on. In such cases a
previously syncopated penultimate ceases to be so on loss of the
following _e_.
A few cases occur of _-id_ for _-ed_ in adjective endings, as _nakid_
(also _naked_), _wickid wikkid_ (usually _wicked_), also _hundrid_
(usually _hundred_).
The definite form is used pretty regularly in the case of English
monosyllabic adjectives, and usually also in monosyllables of French
origin. This rule applies (1) to adjectives used after the definite
article, a demonstrative pronoun or a possessive; (2) to those employed
as vocatives in address; (3) to adjectives in combination with proper
names or words used as proper names[V]. Thus we have regularly (1)
‘the _grete_ hert,’ ‘the _stronge_ coffre,’ ‘The _qwike_ body with
the _dede_,’ ‘this _proude_ vice,’ ‘this _ȝonge_ lord,’ ‘my _longe_
wo,’ ‘his _lose_ tunge,’ ‘thi _fulle_ mynde,’ ‘whos _rihte_ name,’ &c.
(2) ‘O _derke_ ypocrisie,’ ‘O _goode_ fader,’ ‘_lieve_ Sone,’ &c. (3)
‘_grete_ Rome,’ ‘_Blinde_ Avarice,’ ‘_proude_ Envie’ (but ‘_proud_
Envie,’ Prol. 712), ‘_faire_ Eole,’ ‘_stronge_ Sampson,’ ‘_wise_
Tolomeüs,’ &c.
We must note also the inflexions in the following expressions, ‘so
_hihe_ a love,’ ii. 2425 (but _hih_, vii. 2413), ‘so _grete_ a wo,’ v.
5737, so _grete_ a lust,’ v. 6452, ‘so _schorte_ a time,’ vii. 5201.
With Romance adjectives we find ‘his _false_ tunge,’ ‘the _pleine_
cas,’ ‘_false_ Nessus,’ &c., and so usually in monosyllables.
In the case of English monosyllables the exceptions are few. ‘His
_full_ answere,’ i. 1629, ‘hire _good_ astat,’ i. 2764, ‘here _wrong_
condicion,’ ii. 295, ‘his _slyh_ compas,’ ii. 2341 (but ‘his _slyhe_
cast,’ ii. 2374), ‘the _ferst_ of hem,’ iii. 27, v. 2863, cp. 5944
(usually ‘the _ferste_,’ as i. 580, &c.), ‘my _riht_ hond,’ iii. 300,
‘the _trew_ man,’ iii. 2346, ‘his _hih_ lignage,’ iv. 2064 (due perhaps
to the usual phrase ‘of hih lignage’), ‘the _hih_ prouesse,’ v. 6428*,
‘hire _hih_ astat,’ v. 6597, ‘the _gret_ oultrage,’ vii. 3413, ‘hire
_freissh_ aray,’ vii. 5000, ‘hire _hol_ entente,’ viii. 1222, cp. viii.
1710, 2968 (but ‘ȝoure _hole_ conseil’).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account