The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English works
Gower, John
Poetry
Note also the adverbial expression ‘in _none_ wise,’ cp. ‘_othre_
wise.’ In cases of the combination of a French adjective with a
feminine substantive of the same origin the adjective occasionally
takes the French feminine form. Instances are as follows:
‘_devolte_ apparantie,’ i. 636, ‘_veine_ gloire,’ i. 2677 ff.,
‘vertu _sovereine_,’ ii. 3507, ‘_seinte_ charite,’ iv. 964, ‘herbe
_sovereine_,’ vii. 1392, ‘joie _sovereine_,’ viii. 2530, and even as
predicate, ‘Dame Avarice is noght _soleine_,’ v. 1971. Possibly also,
‘O thou _divine_ pourveance,’ ii. 3243, ‘the _parfite_ medicine,’ iv.
2624, ‘a _gentile_ ... on,’ v. 2713, and ‘O thou _gentile_ Venus,’
viii. 2294, may be examples of the same usage.
There is one instance of the French plural adjective in _-s_, Prol.
738, evidently introduced for the sake of the rhyme.
(3) PRONOUNS. The personal pronoun of the first person is regularly
_I_, not _ich_. It is usually written _y_ by the copyist of the last
235 lines of the Fairfax MS. and in the _Praise of Peace_.
The third person sing. fem. is _sche_ (never written _she_), once
_scheo_: the oblique case is _hire_, _hir_ (never _here_), and _hire_,
though usually equivalent to a monosyllable, sometimes has _-e_ fully
sounded, as i. 367, iv. 766, v. 1178.
The third person neuter is _it_, seldom _hit_.
In the first person plural the oblique case is _ous_, not shortened to
_us_ in spelling.
The possessives of the first and second persons sing., _min_, _thin_,
have no plural inflexion, but the disjunctive form _thyne_ pl. occurs,
i. 168. On the other hand _his_, originally an uninflected form, has
usually the plural _hise_, but sometimes _his_. The form _hise_ is
never a dissyllable.
The feminine possessive, 3rd pers., is _hire_ or _hir_, freely
interchanged and metrically equivalent. There is no question of a
plural inflexion here, and we find ‘_Hire_ Nase,’ ‘_hire_ browes,’
‘_hir_ lockes,’ ‘_Hire_ Necke,’ quite indifferently used, i. 1678 ff.
The disjunctive is _hire_, v. 6581, and _hires_, v. 6857. The forms
_oure_, _ȝoure_ are usual for the possessives of the 1st and 2nd pers.
plur., and these are commonly used as monosyllables, e.g. i. 2062,
2768, and interchanged with _our_, _ȝour_; but they are also capable
of being reckoned as dissyllables, e.g. Prol. 5, iii. 1087. Here
again there is no plural inflexion (‘_ȝour_ wordes,’ iii. 627). The
disjunctive _ȝoures_ occurs in i. 1852.
The possessive of the 3rd pers. plur. is _here_, _her_, which is
practically never confused in good MSS. with _hire_, _hir_ of the
fem. sing.[X] We are fully justified in assuming that for Gower the
distinction was absolute.
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