The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English worksGower, John
General
The complete works of John Gower, volume 2 : $b The English works
Gower, John
Poetry
Of _oo_ there are very few cases except _good_. We have _oon_
about three times for _on_, and _blood_, _brood_, _cooste_,
_do_ (= doe), _foode_, _hool_, _schoo_, _too_ (= toe), _woot_,
in isolated instances. The doubling of _e_ is more frequent,
as _beere_, _cheeke_, _cleene_, _dee_ (pl. _dees_), _degree_,
_eem_, _eer_, _fee_, _feede_, _feer_, _feere_, _feet_,
_greene_, _meene_, _meete_, _pees_, _queene_, _scheete_, _see_
(subst.), _seene_, _slee_, _spreede_, _thee_, _tree_, _weer_,
_weere_, _wreeche_, _ȝee_, _ȝeer_, and a few more. Most of the
above words, however, and in general all others, are written
usually with a single vowel, and we have quite regularly (for
example) _ded_, _dede_, _drem_, _ek_, _fend_, _fre_, _gret_,
_hed_, _her_ (= hair), _lef_, _red_, _slep_, _bok_, _bon_,
_brod_, _fol_, _gon_, _hot_, _lok_, _non_, _schon_, _sone_
(soon), _tok_, _wok_, and so on. Where there is variation of
spelling in this respect, it is not felt to be a matter which
concerns the rhyme; for we have _weer_ : _pouer_, _pees_:
_reles_, _sene_ : _meene_, _there_ : _feere_, _good_ : _stod_,
_fode_ : _goode_, _do_ : _schoo_, &c., though sometimes the
spelling of the rhyme-words is evidently brought into harmony,
as _meene_ : _Almeene_, ii. 2465 f., _beere_ : _weere_, iv. 1323
f., _brood_ : _good_, v. 4375 f., _goode_ : _foode_, vii. 519
f. In a few cases however a phonetic distinction seems to be
intended, as when we find _eet_ as preterite of _ete_, and
_beere_ (also _bere_) pret. plur. of _beren_.
_Maii_ (the month) is regularly written with _ii_, but rhymes
with _mai_, _gay_, &c.
The doubling of final consonants, apparently to indicate vowel
shortness, is more common, as in _all_, _bladd_, _charr_, _hadd_,
_happ_, _madd_, _bedd_, _fedd_, _fett_, _spedd_, _bitt_, _bridd_,
_chidd_, _godd_, _rodd_, beside _al_, _char_, _had_, _hap_, _mad_,
_bed_, _fet_, &c.
The doubling of _s_ in a final tone syllable seems to have no
such significance, as in _Achilles_ : _press_, iv. 2161 f., but
_Ulixes_ : _pres_, iv. 147 f., so _natheles_ : _encress_, _pes_:
_encress_, in all of which the vowel must be long.
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