do not know in what condition their employees are nor what they want, and they dare not know things which would make them uneasy or even oblige them to act in opposition to their own interests. But, fortunately, that is of no consequence: what the working-men have to carry out, they carry out for themselves. {189} Grainger Report. Appendix, Part I., pp. 7, 15, _et seq_., 132- 142. {192a} Grainger's whole Report. {192b} Grainger Children's Employment Commission's Report. {193} Burns, Children's Employment Commission's Report. {194} Leach. "Stubborn Facts from the Factories," p. 47. {196} Leach. "Stubborn Facts from the Factories," p. 33. {197} Leach. "Stubborn Facts from the Factories," p. 37-40. {199} Children's Employment Commission's Report. {200a} See p. 112. {200b} Grainger Report and Evidence. {202} Horne Report and Evidence. {203} Dr. Knight, Sheffield. {205} Symonds Report and Evidence. {207} Scriven Report and Evidence. {208} Leifchild Report Append., Part II., p. L 2, ss. 11,12; Franks Report Append., Part II., p. K 7, s. 48, Tancred Evid. Append., Part II., p. I 76, etc.--Children's Employment Commission's Rep't. {210} See _Weekly Dispatch_, March 16th, 1844. {211} Thomas Hood, the most talented of all the English humorists now living, and, like all humorists, full of human feeling, but wanting in mental energy, published at the beginning of 1844 a beautiful poem, "The Song of the Shirt," which drew sympathetic but unavailing tears from the eyes of the daughters of the bourgeoisie. Originally published in _Punch_, it made the round of all the papers. As discussions of the condition of the sewing-women filled all the papers at the time, special extracts are needless. {214} "Arts and Artisans," p. 137, _et seq_. {221a} So called from the East Indian tribe, whose only trade is the murder of all the strangers who fall into its hands. {221b} "What kind of wild justice must it be in the hearts of these men that prompts them, with cold deliberation, in conclave assembled, to doom their brother workman, as the deserter of his order and his order's cause, to die a traitor's and a deserter's death, have him executed, in default of any public judge and hangman, then by a secret one; like your old Chivalry Fehmgericht and Secret Tribunal, suddenly revived in this strange guise; suddenly rising once more on the astonished eye, dressed not now in mail shirts, but in fustian jackets, meeting not in Westphalian forests, but in the paved Gallowgate of Glasgow! Such a temper must be widespread virulent among the many when, even in its worst acme, it can take such form in the few."--Carlyle. "Chartism," p. 40. {222a} Dr. Ure, "Philosophy of Manufacture," p. 282. {222b} _Ibid_., p. 282. {223a} Dr. Ure, "Philosophy of Manufacture," p. 367. {223b} _Ibid_., p. 366, _et seq_. {232} Compare Report of Chambers of Commerce of Manchester and Leeds at the end of July and beginning of August.