{235} See Introduction. {241} According to the census of 1841, the number of working-men employed in mines in Great Britain, without Ireland, was: Men over Men under Women over Women under Together 20 years 20 years 20 years 20 Years Coal mines 83,408 32,475 1,185 1,165 118,233 Copper mines 9,866 3,428 913 1,200 15,407 Lead mines 9,427 1,932 40 20 11,419 Iron mines 7,733 2,679 424 73 10,949 Tin mines 4,602 1,349 68 82 6,101 Various, the mineral not specified 24,162 6,591 472 491 31,616 Total 137,398 48,454 3,102 3,031 193,725 As the coal and iron mines are usually worked by the same people, a part of the miners attributed to the coal mines, and a very considerable part of those mentioned under the last heading, are to be attributed to the iron mines. {242} Also found in the Children's Employment Commission's Report: Commissioner Mitchell's Report. {259} The coal miners have at this moment, 1886, six of their body sitting in the House of Commons. {264} E. G. Wakefield, M.P. "Swing Unmasked; or, The Cause of Rural Incendiarism." London, 1831. Pamphlet. The foregoing extracts may be found pp. 9-13, the passages dealing in the original with the then still existing Old Poor Law being here omitted. {268} This has been literally fulfilled. After a period of unexampled extension of trade, Free Trade has landed England in a crisis, which began in 1878, and is still increasing in energy in 1886. {269} The agricultural labourers have now a Trade's Union; their most energetic representative, Joseph Arch, was elected M.P. in 1885. {272a} Report of the Poor Law Commission upon Ireland. {272b} "Principles of Population," vol. ii. {273} "The State of Ireland." London, 1807; 2nd Ed., 1821. Pamphlet. {276} Carlyle gives in his "Past and Present" (London, 1843) a splendid description of the English bourgeoisie and its disgusting money greed. {286} Extracts from Information received from the Poor Law Commissioners. Published by authority. London, 1833.