In conclusion, we may ask what Lucian of Samosata and Diogenes of Oinoanda had to offer to Aristides and Pausanias and Apuleius; and what they in turn could suggest to men whose concern in religion goes deeper than the cure of physical disease, trance and self-conscious revelling in ceremony. Some spiritual value still clung about the old religion, or it could not have found supporters in a Plotinus and a Porphyry, but (to quote again a most helpful question) "how much else?" Chapter VII Footnotes: [1] On the other hand see a very interesting passage in Tertullian, _de Anima_, 30, on the progress of the world in civilization, and population outstripping Nature, while plague, famine, war, etc., are looked on as _tonsura insolescentis generis humani_. [2] Marcus Aurelius was born about 121 A.D. and died in 180. The other two were born in or about 125. [3] e.g. viii, 17. [4] The one passage is in xi, 3. [5] Or, the English equivalent, Utopia. [6] Marcus Aurelius, ix, 28-40, with omissions. Phrases have been borrowed from the translations of Mr Long and Dr Rendall. [7] This sheds some light on his comparison of the Christians to actors, xi, 3. [8] Cf. Tertullian, _Apol._ 5, _Hadrianus omnium curiositatum explorator_. [9] _Piscator_, 19. [10] _Quomodo historia_, 24. [11] _Bis accusatus_, 27. [12] _Somnium_, 18. [13] _Bis Accusatus_, 30, 27. [14] _Apology_, 15. [15] _Bis Acc._ 32. Cf. Juvenal, 7, 151, _perimit saevos classis numerosa tyrannos_. [16] _Bis Acc._ 33, 34. [17] _Zeus Tragadus_, 15. [18] _Piscator_, 19, 20. [19] _Vit. auctio_, 27. [20] _Hermot._ 74. [21] _Ibid._ 85. [22] _Hermot._ 22-28. [23] _Ibid._ 84. [24] _V.H._, ii, 18. [25] _Piscator_, 16. [26] _Philopseudes_, 7. [27] _Ibid._ 16. [28] This ghost appears rather earlier in a letter of Pliny's, vii, 27, who says he believes the story and adds another of his own. [29] _Philopseudes_, 34. [30] _Ibid._ 17. [31] Pausanias, viii, 29, 3. Cf. Milton's _Ode on Nativity_, 25, "Typhon huge, ending in snaky twine." References to remains of giants, in Tertullian, _de resurr. carnis_, 42; Pliny, _N.H._ vii, 16, 73. [32] _Philopseudes_, 22-24. [33] _Philopseudes_, 25, 26. [34] _Icaromenippus_, 24-26. [35] _Icaromen._ 24. [36] _Zeus Tragadus_. [37] _Zeus Elenchomenos_. [38] _Deor. Eccles._ 14-18. [39] _Alexander_, 48. The reader of Marcus will remember that his first book is dated "Among the Quadi." [40] _Alexander_, 53-56. [41] Keim, _Celsus' Wahres Wort_, p. 233, suggests that Lucian was not quite clear as to the differences between Judaism and Christianity. The reference to forbidden meat lends colour to this. [42] _De morte Peregrini_, 11, 16; cf. the _Passio Perpetuae_, 3 and 16, on attention to Christians in prison. Tertullian, _de Jejunio_, 12, gives an extraordinary account of what might be done for a Christian in prison, though the case of Pristinus, which he quotes, must have been unusual, if we are to take all he says as literally true.