[75] Loc. cit., p. 37. [76] Loc. cit., p. 36. [77] All these three plants belong to the _Dicotyledonous_ order _Sesameæ_, which would come between the _Lobiatæ_ and the _Orobanchaceæ_ of the list given on p. 42 in the CONTEMPORARY REVIEW for September, 1879. This order contains the _Sesamum orientale_, the seeds of which yield sesamum or gingilie oil, principally used in the manufacture of soap. 58,940 tons of these seeds were imported into France in 1855. [78] This and the tics belong to the class _Arachnida_; see CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, September, 1879, pp. 32 and 43. [79] For the _Typhlopsidæ_, see CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, September, 1879, p. 26. [80] Loc. cit., p. 24. [81] Belonging to the class _Ophiomorpha_; see loc. cit., pp. 27 and 43. [82] See CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, September, 1879, p. 25. [83] _Valisneria spiralis_: these are distinct male and female flowers. The male flowers are on short stalks, which break and allow their flowers to rise to the surface and there float, scattering their pollen. The female flowers grow on long coiled stalks, which uncoil and allow them to rise to the surface to be fertilized, after which the stalks recoil and withdraw them again below. This is a monocotyledonous plant of the order _Hydrocharideæ_. [84] See CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, September, 1879, p. 37. [85] Loc. cit., p. 37. [86] Loc. cit., p. 36. [87] There is an ambiguity in the use of the word "cell." By some writers it is only used to denote a particle of protoplasm with a nucleus (whether or not it is enclosed in a "cell-wall"), while such a particle without a nucleus is called by them a _Cytod_. By others it is used to denote any particle of protoplasm enclosed in a cell-wall, and by others, again, as denoting any distinct particle of protoplasm with or without a nucleus, and with or without a cell-wall. It is in this widest sense that it is here proposed to use the term "cell," distinguishing, where needful, those with a nucleus or envelope as "a nucleated" or "a walled" cell. As yet the two natures and functions of the nucleus and nucleolus are by no means cleared up. The nucleus often appears to contain a complexity of fibrils, transitory aggregations of which have been supposed to cause the appearance of nucleoli. The apparently simplest protoplasm is probably of really very complex, most minute structure. [88] CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, September, 1879, p. 37.