[89] Here reference may be made to the name _Bathybius_, which was given by Professor Huxley to a material found at the sea bottom, of great extent and indefinite shape, and which was supposed by him to be the remains of a mass of once living protoplasm, but which there is much reason now to suppose was really but inorganic material. Reference is here made to this, because some persons seem to imagine that if _Bathybius_ were a lowly animal some important speculative consequences would follow. But this is an utter mistake. It is generally admitted already that there are living structureless protoplasmic organisms of no definite shape, and of which detached particles can live and grow. It would make no real difference whatever to the known facts of life if a creature of the kind should be found as large as the Pacific Ocean, with its portions exceptionally detachable and its shape irregular in the extreme. [90] CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, September, 1879, p. 37. [91] CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, September, 1879, p. 36. [92] Loc. cit., pp. 37 and 43. [93] Loc. cit., p. 34. [94] CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, September, 1879, pp. 35 and 43. [95] For explanation of this application of this term see loc. cit., p. 38. [96] Loc. cit., p. 35. [97] A kind of leaf the nature of which as well as of spathes, florets, and flowers, will be explained in the next Essay. [98] CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, loc. cit., pp. 37 and 43. [99] Teleostean fishes are generally bony, but the bones are represented by cartilages in _Leptocephalus_. As to teleosteans, see CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, September, 1879, p. 27. [100] _Ibid._, loc. cit., p. 30. [101] _Ibid._, loc. cit., pp. 31 and 43. [102] _Ibid._, loc. cit., pp. 33 and 43. [103] _Ibid._, loc. cit., p. 34. As examples of transparent sea anemones, Nautactis and its allies, belonging to the _Actinozoa_, may be mentioned. [104] See Moseley's "Challenger," p. 592. CONTEMPORARY LIFE AND THOUGHT IN TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, _Sept. 9th, 1879_.