We have seen that, by the Census (p. 195), the total value of the real and personal estate in the United States was, in-- 1860, $16,159,616,068 1850, 7,135,780,228 Increase from 1850 to 1860, 126.45 per cent. At the same rate of increase, for the four succeeding decades, the result would be, in-- 1870, $36,593,450,585 1880, 82,865,868,849 1890, 187,314,353,225 1900, 423,330,438,288 If we subtract one fourth from the aggregate, we will find that our public debt constitutes less than _one half of one per cent._ of the _increase_ of our national wealth. This debt, then, does not exhaust our capital, but effects only a small diminution of the rate of augmentation. If we look at the causes of this vast increase of our national wealth, they will be found mainly in the enormous extent of our fertile lands, the vast emigration from Europe, and the constant addition of new States to the Union. Thus, from 1850 to 1860, four new States were added to the Union. These four States were almost an untrodden wilderness in 1850, but in 1860 were rich and flourishing States, with a population of 638,965, and an aggregate wealth of $331,809,418. Within this decade, from 1860 to 1870, at least six new States will be added to the Union. This is evident from a reference to our present Territories, as follows: Dacotah, 95,316,480 acres. Nebraska, 48,636,800 " Indian, 56,924,000 " Idaho, 208,878,720 " Washington, 44,796,160 " Nevada, 52,184,960 " Utah, 68,084,480 " Arizona, 80,730,240 " New Mexico, 77,568,640 " Colorado, 66,880,000 " ----------- Total, 800,000,480 acres. Here then are Territories with an aggregate area of 800,000,480 acres, sufficient for twenty-six States of the size of New York. In all these Territories but one, the precious metals are found in great abundance, and the railroad to the Pacific, with numerous branches through this vast region, together with the greatest advantages of our new Homestead Bill of last year, is settling these Territories with unprecedented rapidity. Notwithstanding the war, immigration to the United States is progressing with more than its usual volume, caused by the very high wages for labor, the great benefits of our recent Homestead Bill, and the exclusion, by recent act of Congress, of slavery from all this vast domain.