It will be observed, that, whilst the _lands_ constituting these Territories remain _public_ lands, no estimate is made of them as wealth in the national census. It is only when these public lands become farms and private property, that they are valued as part of the wealth of the nation. This remark also applies to that 255,000,000 acres of public lands in the sixteen _Land States_ of the Union. Hence the amazing increase of wealth at each decade, in the new States and Territories. Thus, by Table 35 of the Census of 1860, page 195, the rate of increase of wealth in the following States and Territories, from 1850 to 1860, was: _Territories._ Washington, 5,000 per cent. Nebraska, 4,800 " Utah, 467 " New Mexico, 302 " _States._ Kansas, 8,000 per cent. Iowa, 942 " California, 837 " Minnesota, 6,000 " Michigan, 330 " Oregon, 471 per cent. Illinois, 457 " Wisconsin, 550 " It is thus that the wave of population moves onward in our Western States and Territories, that the axe and the plough are the pioneers of civilization, that farms, cities, and villages, the schoolhouse, and the church, rise from the wilderness, as if by the touch of an enchanter's wand. That enchantment is the power of _freedom and education_, the effect of which (as compared with the deadly influence of slavery and ignorance) shall be illustrated in a succeeding letter. In that letter, by comparing the relative progress of our Free and Slave States, as demonstrated by our Census, it will be proved, incontestably, that the total exclusion of slavery from our Union will cause an addition to our national wealth vastly exceeding the whole public debt of our country, and soon leave us much richer than before the rebellion. R. J. WALKER. THE DECLINE OF ENGLAND. In Europe, two nations for almost a thousand years have contended for empire. England and France, for the greater portion of that period, have waged war with each other. When not engaged in actual hostilities, they have watched each other with jealous animosity--seeking by intrigue and diplomatic schemes to thwart or defeat the designs which one or the other had formed for national aggrandizement. No one of Anglo-Saxon descent can peruse the histories of those countries, and not feel pride in the valor and success which have distinguished his race. Twice the victorious banner of England has fluttered in the gaze of Paris. Until a recent age, the French flag visited the ocean only at the sufferance of England.