Of the essay papers, as they are called, the _Tatler_ is the only one which properly comes within the scope of this article, as being, to a certain extent, a newspaper. Addison wrote in the _Freeholder_, and Steele in the _Englishman_, both being political journals opposed to the Government. For certain articles in this last, which were declared to be libellous, and for a pamphlet, entitled _The Crisis_, which he published about the same time, poor 'little Dicky, whose trade it was,' according to his quondam friend Addison, 'to write pamphlets,' was expelled the House of Commons, despite the support of several influential members, and the famous declaration of Walpole, who was not then the unscrupulous minister he afterward became, 'The liberty of the press is unrestrained; how then shall a part of the legislature dare to punish that as a crime which is not declared to be so by any law framed by the whole? And why should that House be made the instrument of such a detestable purpose?' The newspaper writers had now reached a great pitch of power, and had become formidable to the Government. Prosecutions therefore multiplied; but not without reason in many cases. Addison complains over and over again of the misdirection of their influence, and says, among other things: 'Their papers, filled with different party spirit, divide the people into different sentiments, who generally consider rather the principles than the truth of the news writers.' At no time, probably, in the history of journalism did party feeling run higher than at this period. New organs sprang up every day, but were, for the most part, very short lived. Among the papers of most note were _The Weekly Journal_, Mist's _Weekly Journal_, the _London Journal_, _The Free Briton_, and the _Weekly Gazetteer_. Mist was especially a stout opponent of the Government, and was consequently always in trouble. In 1724 there were printed nineteen first-class journals, of which three were daily, ten tri-weekly--three of them 'half-penny _Posts_'--and six weekly. News was abundant, and the old plan of leaving blank spaces or filling up with passages of Scripture--an editor actually reproduced from week to week the first two books of the Pentateuch--was now abandoned. In 1726 appeared the _Public Advertiser_, afterward called the _London Daily Advertiser_, which deserves to be remembered as having been the medium through which the letters of Junius were originally given to the world. In the same year, too, was started _The Craftsman_, one of the ablest political papers which London had yet seen, and of which Bolingbroke was joint editor. It was immediately successful, and its circulation soon reached ten or twelve thousand. In 1731 a great novelty came out, the _Gentleman's Magazine_, or _Monthly Intelligencer_, under the proprietorship of Edward Cave, the printer. The title page contained a woodcut of St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, which had been in olden times the entrance