Cuvier proceeded upon the principle, that every organized individual
forms an entire system of its own, all the parts of which mutually
correspond, and that none of these separate parts can change their forms
without a corresponding change on the other parts of the same individual
body. Where the viscera, for example, are so constructed as only to
be fitted for the digestion of recent flesh, it is requisite that the
jaws should be so formed as to fit them for devouring prey—the claws
for seizing and tearing it to pieces—the teeth for cutting and dividing
its flesh—the limbs or organs of motion for pursuing and overtaking
it—and the organs of sense for discovering it at a distance. But under
this general principle in the structure of carnivorous animals, the
ingenious anatomist further discovered that there are several particular
modifications, depending upon the size, the manners, and the haunts
of prey for which each species is destined or fitted by nature; and
that, from each of these particular modifications, there result certain
differences in the more minute conformations of particular parts. Hence
it follows, that there will exist distinct indications in every one of
their parts, not only of the classes and orders of animals, but also of
their genera and species.
Thus, in order that the jaw may be well adapted for laying hold of
objects, it is necessary that its condyle should have a certain form;
that the resistance, the moving power, and the fulcrum, should all
have a certain relative position with respect to each other. To enable
the animal to carry off its prey when seized, a corresponding force is
requisite in the muscles which elevate the head; and this again gives
rise to a determinate form of the vertebræ to which these muscles are
attached, and of the occiput into which they are inserted. The teeth of
a carnivorous animal require to be sharp, in proportion to the greater
or less quantity of flesh that they have to cut; their roots to be solid
and strong, in proportion to the quantity and the size of the bones that
have to be broken; and these conditions of structure will necessarily
influence the development and form of the several parts that contribute
to move the jaws.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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