On December 8, shortly after their morning prayers were finished, the party was attacked by a hostile tribe of the Nausites, “who knew the English only as kidnappers.” Fortunately, the Indians were driven off without doing any damage to the settlers. The exploring party spent four weeks in searching for a suitable place. During this time they suffered greatly from exposure to the rain, snow, and sleet. Sometimes their garments were frozen stiff like coats of mail. It was often difficult or impossible to kindle a fire on the snow-covered fields, where the fuel, whatever they found, was damp and soggy. At one time, in the midst of a violent snow-storm, the rudder of the shallop broke, and also the mast, so that they were in extreme danger of being dashed to pieces among the breakers. It was through these severe exposures that many of them contracted the diseases that carried away such a large part of them during the first winter. On December 11th the explorers landed on the historical spot of Plymouth Rock. The Mayflower, shortly afterwards, cast anchor in the harbor. The men went on shore, and set to work to build houses and to provide shelter against the winter. Their labor was made arduous by the inclement weather, and by the fact that about one-half of the settlers were sick, some of them wasting away with consumption and lung fever. As protection against the Indians, who were occasionally seen hovering near, they formed themselves into a military organization, with Miles Standish as captain. Their relations with the Indians were, however, so fair and honest that even these must have observed some singular differences between the Pilgrims and earlier traders on the coast. Early in the spring, Samoset, an Indian, visited them with the view evidently of ascertaining whether they were disposed to form acquaintance and to establish friendship with his people. This led to a visit by the powerful chief _Massasoit_ himself. He was received and entertained by the Pilgrims in a way that inspired his confidence, resulting finally in a sort of defensive alliance between the settlers and his tribe. He later on rendered valuable services, particularly by giving warning of the massacre planned by the Narragansetts against the settlers at Weymouth.